蚊子(双翅目:Culicidae)是构成重大公共卫生威胁的节肢动物传播病毒(虫媒病毒)的主要载体。测序技术的最新进展强调了了解蚊子所携带的虫媒病毒和昆虫特异性病毒(ISV)的重要性。统称为“病毒”。哥伦比亚,一个热带国家,具有多种Culicidae物种的发展和适应的有利条件,为流行病学上重要的虫媒病毒的传播提供了有利的情况。然而,该国农村地区的昆虫病毒学监测研究很少,在那里,人类,蚊子,和动物(家养和野生动物)共存,导致人畜共患病传播给人类的风险更高。因此,我们的研究旨在对属于Ochlerotatus属的与公共卫生特别相关的蚊子进行初步的宏基因组分析,Culex,Limatus,Mansonia,山梨,和Sabethes,在哥伦比亚奥里诺科的乡村稀树草原生态系统中。我们采用第三代测序技术(牛津纳米孔技术;ONT)来描述蚊子样本的病毒流。我们的结果表明,病毒主要由昆虫特异性病毒(ISV)形成,伊夫病毒科是所有蚊子样本中最普遍的。此外,我们确定了一组在所有测试的蚊子中常见的ISV,显示有关其他病毒组的最高相对丰度。值得注意的是,Hankoifl病毒1在库蚊(88.4%)和锯齿Ochlerotatus(88.0%)中特别普遍。此外,其他ISV,例如瓜达卢佩蚊子病毒(GMV),湖北蚊子病毒1(HMV1),正常病毒,Tanay病毒,科尔多瓦病毒,和Castlerea病毒(全部属于Negevirus属),被发现是蚊子中常见的病毒物种,虽然比例较低。这些初步发现有助于我们了解哥伦比亚东部平原Culicidae家族蚊媒中的ISV。我们建议未来的研究更深入地探索不同媒介物种之间共享的ISV物种,以及它们与虫媒病毒的潜在相互作用。此外,我们还表明需要彻底探索当地农村栖息地条件对蚊媒病毒形态的影响。
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are primary vectors of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that pose significant public health threats. Recent advances in sequencing technology emphasize the importance of understanding the arboviruses and insect-specific viruses (ISVs) hosted by mosquitoes, collectively called the \"virome\". Colombia, a tropical country with favorable conditions for the development and adaptation of multiple species of Culicidae, offers a favorable scenario for the transmission of epidemiologically important arboviruses. However, entomovirological surveillance studies are scarce in rural areas of the country, where humans, mosquitoes, and animals (both domestic and wild) coexist, leading to a higher risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. Thus, our
study aimed to perform a preliminary metagenomic analysis of the mosquitoes of special relevance to public health belonging to the genera Ochlerotatus, Culex, Limatus, Mansonia, Psorophora, and Sabethes, within a rural savanna ecosystem in the Colombian Orinoco. We employed third-generation sequencing technology (Oxford Nanopore Technologies; ONT) to describe the virome of mosquitoes samples. Our results revealed that the virome was primarily shaped by insect-specific viruses (ISVs), with the Iflaviridae family being the most prevalent across all mosquito samples. Furthermore, we identified a group of ISVs that were common in all mosquito species tested, displaying the highest relative abundance concerning other groups of viruses. Notably, Hanko iflavirus-1 was especially prevalent in Culex eknomios (88.4%) and Ochlerotatus serratus (88.0%). Additionally, other ISVs, such as Guadalupe mosquito virus (GMV), Hubei mosquito virus1 (HMV1), Uxmal virus, Tanay virus, Cordoba virus, and Castlerea virus (all belonging to the Negevirus genus), were found as common viral species among the mosquitoes, although in lower proportions. These initial findings contribute to our understanding of ISVs within mosquito vectors of the Culicidae family in the Eastern Plains of Colombia. We recommend that future research explore deeper into ISV species shared among diverse vector species, and their potential interactions with arboviruses. In addition, we also showed the need for a thorough exploration of the influence of local rural habitat conditions on the shape of the virome in mosquito vectors.