在过去的10年中,在寻找抗病毒剂方面积累了大量信息。利巴韦林和inosiplex是这次搜索中出现的2个有趣的发展。利巴韦林,合成核苷,具有异常广泛的抗病毒活性,特别是在体外测试时。大量的RNA和DNA病毒是敏感的,尤其是疱疹病毒,痘病毒,流感,副流感,呼肠孤病毒,togavirus,和RNA肿瘤病毒。体内抗病毒活性谱要窄得多,具有对抗疱疹病毒的活性,流感,副流感,麻疹和腺病毒。然而,对照临床试验在治疗流感方面没有取得一致的成功,肝炎,单纯疱疹和带状疱疹。Inosiplex已被证明具有体内抗流感的抗病毒活性,单纯疱疹,鼻病毒和痘苗病毒感染。然而,抗病毒活性尚未得到一致证明,这一观察导致了进一步的研究,揭示了它的免疫调节作用。积累的证据表明,inosyplex更像是一种前宿主剂,而不是抗病毒药物。在病毒感染期间被抑制的免疫功能可以通过肌体复合物治疗恢复正常。目前,利巴韦林和肌体复合物单独治疗人类病毒性疾病均未被证明是一致成功的。然而,它们在化疗中的潜在地位不容忽视,尽管需要进一步的数据来确定这个地方。是否将它们与其他抗病毒药物如干扰素结合使用,阿昔洛韦,Ara-A,等等,会产生作用增强和改善抗病毒化疗,将是一个有趣的领域进一步研究。
A considerable amount of information has accumulated during the past 10 years in the search for antiviral agents. Ribavirin and inosiplex are 2 interesting developments to come out of this search. Ribavirin, a synthetic nucleoside, has an unusually wide spectrum of antiviral activity, especially when tested in vitro. A large number of RNA and DNA viruses are sensitive, especially herpes viruses, poxvirus, influenza, parainfluenza, reovirus, togavirus, and RNA tumour viruses. The in vivo antiviral spectrum of activity is much narrower, with activity against herpes virus, influenza, parainfluenza, measles and adenoviruses. However, controlled clinical trials have not been uniformly successful in treating influenza, hepatitis, herpes simplex and herpes zoster. Inosiplex has been shown to have antiviral activity in vivo against influenza, herpes simplex, rhinovirus and vaccinia virus infections. However, antiviral activity has not been consistently demonstrated, and this observation led to further studies which revealed its immunomodulating effects. The accumulated evidence has indicated that inosiplex is more a prohost agent rather than an antiviral drug. Immune functions which are depressed during viral infection can be restored to normal by inosiplex therapy. At present, neither ribavirin nor inosiplex alone has been shown to be uniformly successful in the treatment of human viral diseases. Nevertheless, their potential place in chemotherapy should not be neglected, although further data are needed to determine what this place will be. Whether combining them with other antiviral agents such as interferon, acyclovir, Ara-A, and so on, would produce a potentiation of action and improved antiviral chemotherapy, will be an interesting area for further study.