纵观历史,寄生虫和寄生虫病一直是人类的永恒伴侣,从古代的蚜虫卵的发现就可以证明,木乃伊遗骸.蠕虫是造成严重疾病的原因,长期的,和使全世界的传染病衰弱,特别是由于普遍缺乏卫生设施,影响到经济困难的国家,适当的卫生习惯,医疗基础设施。社会生态驱动因素,比如贫穷,迁移,和气候变化,继续导致寄生虫及其疾病媒介传播到已知的流行区之外。寄生虫病的研究取得了相当大的成功,导致了新的化学治疗剂的开发和寄生虫根除计划的实施。然而,在体外系统中培养这些寄生虫以获得有效利用的挑战阻碍了这一方向的进一步进展,基本生命周期,感染研究,以及新型治疗策略的有效性。现有模型的复杂性差异很大,取决于寄生虫及其生命周期,从基本的文化方法到先进的3D系统。这篇综述旨在强调迄今为止在体外环境中培养和维持寄生虫的研究,从而有助于更好地了解致病性,并对其生命周期产生新的见解,以期获得有效的治疗和预防策略。这项工作是对高度传染性蠕虫疾病在全球范围内引起严重发病率和死亡率的现有体外模型的第一个全面概述。
Throughout history, parasites and parasitic diseases have been humankind\'s constant companions, as evidenced by the findings of tapeworm eggs in ancient, mummified remains. Helminths are responsible for causing severe, long-term, and debilitating infectious diseases worldwide, especially affecting economically challenged nations due to prevailing deficits in access to sanitation, proper hygiene practices, and healthcare infrastructure. Socio-ecological drivers, such as poverty, migration, and climate change, continue to contribute to parasites and their disease vectors being spread beyond known endemic zones. The study of parasitic diseases has had a fair amount of success leading to the development of new chemotherapeutic agents and the implementation of parasite eradication programs. However, further progress in this direction has been hampered by the challenges of culturing some of these parasites in in vitro systems for efficient availability, basic life cycle, infection studies, and effectiveness of novel treatment strategies. The complexity of the existing models varies widely, depending on the parasite and its life cycle, ranging from basic culture methods to advanced 3D systems. This
review aims to highlight the research conducted so far in culturing and maintaining parasites in an in vitro setting, thereby contributing to a better understanding of pathogenicity and generating new insights into their lifecycles in the hopes of leading to effective treatments and prevention strategies. This work is the first comprehensive outline of existing in vitro models for highly transmissible helminth diseases causing severe morbidity and mortality in humans globally.