糖皮质激素(GC)是一种必需的调节动物生长的介质激素,行为,后代的表型,等等,而家禽中的GC主要是皮质类固醇。GCs的生物活性主要受细胞内代谢酶的调控,包括11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1(11β-HSD1),11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶2(11β-HSD2),和20-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(20-HSD)。探讨品种间表型差异的胚胎机制,我们比较了皮质酮代谢酶基因在卵黄囊膜和绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)中的表达。我们描述了藏鸡和肉鸡胚胎孵化过程中皮质酮代谢酶的组织分布和本体模式。在低氧和常氧条件下孵化了40只藏鸡和肉鸡的受精卵,分别。实时荧光定量PCR检测胚胎组织中11β-HSD1/2和20-HSDmRNA的表达。结果表明,E14(胚胎期14天)藏鸡卵黄囊膜11β-HSD2和20-HSDmRNA表达水平显著低于肉鸡(P<0.05),这些基因在藏鸡中的表达均高于肉鸡(P<0.05)。此外,卵黄囊膜和CAM中的三个基因随后在E18(胚胎18天)下调。11β-HSD1和11β-HSD2基因遵循相似的组织特异性模式:表达水平在肝脏中更丰富,肾,和肠,下丘脑和肌肉的丰度相对较低,20-HSD基因在所有受试组织中的表达水平均较高。在肝脏中,藏鸡和肉鸡的20-HSD表现出不同的个体发育模式,20-HSD在E14~E18肉鸡肝脏mRNA表达量显著高于同龄藏鸡(P<0.05)。本研究初步揭示了藏、肉鸡胚胎发育过程中不同组织皮质醇代谢基因的表达水平。为深入研究母系后代GCs编程的内在机制提供了必要的信息。
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are an essential mediator hormone that can regulate animal growth, behavior, the phenotype of offspring, and so on, while GCs in poultry are predominantly corticosterones. The biological activity of GCs is mainly regulated by the intracellular metabolic enzymes, including 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 1 (11β-HSD1), 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases 2 (11β-HSD2), and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD). To investigate the embryonic mechanisms of phenotypic differences between breeds, we compared the expression of corticosterone metabolic enzyme genes in the yolk-sac membrane and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). We described the tissue distribution and ontogenic patterns of corticosterone metabolic enzymes during embryonic incubation between Tibetan and broiler chickens. Forty fertilized eggs from Tibetan and broiler chickens were incubated under hypoxic and normoxic conditions, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to examine the expression of 11β-HSD1/2, and 20-HSD mRNA in embryonic tissues. The results showed that the expression levels of yolk-sac membrane mRNA of 11β-HSD2 and 20-HSD in Tibetan chickens on E14 (embryonic day of 14) were significantly lower than those of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), and these genes expression of CAM in Tibetan chickens were higher than those of broiler chickens (P < 0.05). In addition, the three genes in the yolk-sac membrane and CAM were followed by a down-regulation on E18 (embryonic day of 18). The 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 genes followed a similar tissue-specific pattern: the expression level was more abundantly in the liver, kidney, and intestine, with relatively lower abundance in the hypothalamus and muscle, and the expression level of 20-HSD genes in all tissues tested was higher. In the liver, 20-HSD of both Tibetan and broiler chickens showed different ontogeny development patterns, and hepatic mRNA expression of 20-HSD in broiler chickens was significantly higher than that of Tibetan chickens of the same age from E14 to E18 (P < 0.05). This
study preliminarily revealed the expression levels of cortisol metabolic genes in different tissues during the development process of Tibetan and broiler chicken embryos. It provided essential information for in-depth research of the internal mechanism of maternal GCs programming on offspring.