UNASSIGNED: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a method of cervical cancer screening can be performed by healthcare providers or by patients through self-sampling directly in the community, removing several barriers experienced by under screened populations. The objective of this scoping review was to determine which HPV self-sampling implementation and engagement strategies have been used to engage under screened populations (i.e., Indigenous, newcomer, and rural and remote communities) in cervical cancer screening.
UNASSIGNED: A scoping review was conducted searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SocINDEX from inception to August 2023. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Indigenous, newcomer, and rural and remote communities; (2) countries identified as members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; and (3) intervention included HPV self-sampling. The review was registered prior to conducting the search (https://osf.io/zfvp9).
UNASSIGNED: A total of 26 studies out of 2,741 studies met the inclusion criteria. In-person engagement with trusted community leaders was the most widely used and accepted recruitment and engagement strategy across all three populations. Six out of seven studies with Indigenous communities distributed HPV self-sampling kits to eligible participants in person in a clinical setting for collection on site or at home. Similarly, nine of the identified studies that engaged newcomers recruited participants in person through the community, where eligible participants were either given a kit (n = 7) or received one in the mail (n = 2). Lastly, of the 10 identified studies engaging rural and remote participants in HPV self-sampling, six recruited eligible participants in person at various community locations and four used electronic medical records or registries to identify and mail kits to participants.
UNASSIGNED: HPV self-sampling through in person kit distribution and mail out of HPV self-sampling kits is an effective way to increase participation rates amongst under screened populations.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection significantly contributes to the global cancer burden. Understanding the factors influencing male clinical interns\' willingness to promote HPV vaccination is crucial for developing effective public health strategies in China.
METHODS: This study employed a stratified random sampling method to select 1,980 male clinical interns from five provinces in China between January and March 2024. Data were collected on participants\' demographic characteristics, HPV-related clinical experience, and knowledge. The Theory of Planned Behavior framework, encompassing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, was used to examine factors influencing the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the willingness to promote the HPV vaccine.
RESULTS: Among the respondents, 72.29% were willing to encourage others to receive the HPV vaccine. Significant factors influencing this willingness included older age (OR = 3.065, P ≤ 0.001), higher monthly household income (OR = 1.449, P = 0.025), participation in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related diseases (OR = 3.458, P ≤ 0.001), positive attitude towards the vaccine (OR = 13.503, P = 0.004), and strong perceived behavioral control (OR = 2.364, P = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the critical role of practical experience and targeted education in promoting HPV vaccination among male clinical interns in China. Enhancing the training and education of this group is essential for improving HPV vaccine advocacy and supporting public health efforts to reduce HPV-related diseases.

High-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) persistent infection is closely associated with the development of cervical cancer and squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL).The α-9 HPVs, which is predominantly composed of HR-HPV types, account for 75% of HR-HPV infection in Sichuan. The oncoproteins E6 and E7 of HPV play a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Notably, HPV-35 is the only HR-HPV type within the α-9 genus that is not included in the nine-valent HPV prophylactic vaccine. Cervical cell samples obtained from Sichuan were collected for HPV detection and genotyping. Among the 406 HPV-positive samples, 31 HPV-35 were detected, 24 HPV-35 E6 and 26 E7 were successfully amplified and sequenced, five nucleotide mutations in E6 and three in E7 were detected, T232C, T434G of E6 (W78R, I145R) and C67T, G84T of E7 (H23Y, L28F) were non-synonymy mutation. PAML 4.8 server was used to detect positive selection sites of HPV-35 E6, E7, and E6 is W78R. Phyre2 were used to predict and analyze protein structures, W78R made influences on protein structure. IEDB were used to screen epitopes vaccine target for HPV-35 affection therapy, and 5 HPV-35 E6 and 3 HPV-35 E7 most potential epitopes were obtained, the most potential peptides for therapy vaccine design were 79-91YRYSVYGETLEKQ, 45-60FACYDLCIVREGQPY, 124-135RFHNIGGRWTGR of E6; 3-19GEITTLQDYVLDLEPEA, 38-47TIDGPAGQAK, 70-88VQSTHIDIRKLEDLLMGTF of E7 and W78R mainly decreased the epitopes affinity.Conclusions Amino acid substitution in the positive selection sites of HPV-35 E6 and E7 genes have been found to influence protein structure and to decrease the overall affinity of antigen epitopes. This observation aligns with the evolutionary significance of positive selection site, which may confer advantages to the virus by making infected cells more challenging for the immune system to detect, thereby enhancing HPV\'s adaptability to the host environment. The polymorphism analysis of HPV-35 E6, E7 contributes to the enrichment of α-9 HPV data in Sichuan China, which is instrumental in improving the effectiveness of clinical detection. Furthermore, these findings provide a relevant theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related diseases.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins inactivate cellular tumor suppressors to reprogram host cell signaling pathways. HPV E7 proteins bind and degrade the tumor suppressor PTPN14, thereby promoting the nuclear localization of the YAP1 oncoprotein and inhibiting keratinocyte differentiation. YAP1 is a transcriptional coactivator that drives epithelial cell stemness and self-renewal. YAP1 activity is inhibited by the highly conserved Hippo pathway, which is frequently inactivated in human cancers. MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases form the core of the Hippo kinase cascade. Active LATS1 kinase is phosphorylated on threonine 1079 and inhibits YAP1 by phosphorylating it on amino acids including serine 127. Here, we tested the effect of high-risk (carcinogenic) HPV18 E7 on Hippo pathway activity. We found that either PTPN14 knockout or PTPN14 degradation by HPV18 E7 decreased the phosphorylation of LATS1 T1079 and YAP1 S127 in human keratinocytes and inhibited keratinocyte differentiation. Conversely, PTPN14-dependent differentiation required LATS kinases and certain PPxY motifs in PTPN14. Neither MST1/2 kinases nor the putative PTPN14 phosphatase active sites were required for PTPN14 to promote differentiation. Together, these data support that PTPN14 inactivation or degradation of PTPN14 by HPV18 E7 reduce LATS1 activity, promoting active YAP1 and inhibiting keratinocyte differentiation.IMPORTANCEThe Hippo kinase cascade inhibits YAP1, an oncoprotein and driver of cell stemness and self-renewal. There is mounting evidence that the Hippo pathway is targeted by tumor viruses including human papillomavirus. The high-risk HPV E7 oncoprotein promotes YAP1 nuclear localization and the carcinogenic activity of high-risk HPV E7 requires YAP1 activity. Blocking HPV E7-dependent YAP1 activation could inhibit HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, but the mechanism by which HPV E7 activates YAP1 has not been elucidated. Here we report that by degrading the tumor suppressor PTPN14, HPV18 E7 inhibits LATS1 kinase, reducing inhibitory phosphorylation on YAP1. These data support that an HPV oncoprotein can inhibit Hippo signaling to activate YAP1 and strengthen the link between PTPN14 and Hippo signaling in human epithelial cells.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of invasive cervical cancer. However, HPV is predominantly transient and only a minority of cases persist and progress clinically. Certain epidemiological factors have been suggested to increase the risk of HPV persistence and progression. In the present study, 893 women were investigated, with an age range from 25 to 60 years old. PAP smears and colposcopy were used for assessment. Of these women, 108 were diagnosed with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and were further divided into high-grade SIL (HSIL) and low-grade SIL (LSIL). The dietary habits, sleep patterns and gynecological histories of these participants were studied, and it was found that the probability of having <3 meals a day [odds ratio (OR), 4.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.73-10.95], having an unbalanced diet (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.44-10.55), breakfast skipping (OR, 6.32; 95% CI, 2.40-16.61) and disrupted sleep (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.79-10.93) was significantly higher in the HSIL group compared with the probability in the LSIL group. In addition, participants who had pregnancies prior to the age of 20 were 2.85 times more likely to have more advanced disease (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.22-6.71). Cervical erosion was higher in the HSIL group compared with that in the LSIL group (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.36-6.96). The present study highlights the protective effects of meal numbers, nutritious diet and sleep hygiene against HPV and the progression of SIL.

The use of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)has increased treatment options for patients who may not be candidates for traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Recent studies have resulted in the approval of immunotherapy in the first and second line setting for recurrent/metastatic disease. Various combinations of immunotherapy with targeted therapies, monoclonal antibodies, or human papilloma virus vaccines are also being studied in recurrent/metastatic disease. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 status is the main marker utilized to assess potential response to immunotherapy. Studies are focused on identifying additional markers, which may help better predict response to immunotherapy for HNSCC patients.

BACKGROUND: Over 60 % of U.S. adults report adverse childhood experience (ACE), which correlate with risky health behaviors and lower utilization of healthcare preventive measures, potentially leading to chronic diseases in later life.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the relationship between ACEs and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a national U.S. adult sample.
METHODS: We used data from selected states from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System collected in years 2019 (Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee), 2020 (Georgia, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina), 2021 (Mississippi), and 2022 (Arkansas) (N = 3578, 4392, 904, and 810, respectively).
METHODS: We conducted descriptive, univariate, and multivariable regression analysis using SAS 9.4. Independent and dependent variables were ACEs and HPV vaccination, respectively.
RESULTS: Individuals with ≥4 ACEs, versus no ACEs, were significantly more likely to report HPV vaccination in 2019, 2020, and 2021 (OR = 1.40, 1.77, 2.80, all p < 0.05 respectively), except in 2022 (OR = 1.54, p = 0.165). In 2019, specific ACE types, emotional abuse, and household mental illness were associated with HPV vaccination, whereas in 2021, emotional abuse, household mental illness, incarcerated household member, and substance abuse in household, and in 2022, emotional abuse was associated with HPV vaccination.
CONCLUSIONS: We found mostly positive association between ACEs and HPV vaccination, particularly in initial three years. However, findings in 2022 were not significant, except for emotional abuse. Diverse patterns in relationship between ACEs and HPV vaccination was observed overtime, highlighting the need for consistency in ACEs and HPV vaccination data collection, including vaccination timing, to better understand the underlying mechanisms and plan for interventions to prevent HPV-related cancers among these populations.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in the healthy population and patients with oral diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and oral benign lesions (BL), is not consistently described in the literature, with scarce and often heterogeneous data. In addition, the efficacy of HPV prophylactic vaccines in preventing HPV-related oral disorders has been scarcely investigated.
METHODS: The prevalence of HPV and the potential impact of vaccines were analyzed in 1,415 oral rinse specimens, collected over 10 years and grouped into four categories based on histological/clinical diagnosis.
RESULTS: HPV prevalence in OSCC, OPMD, and BL patients and in healthy individuals potentially exposed to HPV (HPE) was comparable (12.7 vs. 27.2% vs. 13.5 vs. 9%). Statistical analysis of the vaccine impact involved calculating high and low estimates and showed a significant difference only for the low effect. The nonavalent vaccine had higher low estimates than the bivalent vaccine in OSCC and HPE patients (29.6 vs. 51.9%, p < 0.05; 18.2 vs. 42.4%, p < 0.05), while for OPMD and BL, the frequency of bivalent low estimates was lower than that of quadrivalent and nonavalent (48.6 vs. 68.6%, p < 0.05 and 48.6 vs. 77.1%, p < 0.05; 23.9 vs. 50.7%, p < 0.05, and 23.9 vs. 63.4%, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provided new insights into the prevalence of oral HPV and showed that the nonavalent vaccine may provide better protection than the other vaccines in the presence of an OSCC diagnosis. Conversely, the quadrivalent vaccine may be sufficient to prevent OPMD and BL.

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer among Indian women and is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To achieve its global commitment to the elimination of CC, India is planning to include the HPV vaccine in its national immunization program. The success of the prevention of CC mostly depends on the level of awareness and knowledge among healthcare providers about different aspects of the disease and the vaccine. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding CC, HPV, and the HPV vaccine in first-contact young female doctors and nursing officers. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, between February and June 2024 among young female health workers aged between 20 and 35 years. To evaluate KAP we used a validated, self-administered questionnaire. Results There were a total of 204 participants, whose median age was 26 (interquartile range = 25 to 29) years; among them, 114 (55.9%) were nursing officers and 90 (44.1%) were junior doctors. Good knowledge was found among 85.5% of doctors and 70.2% of nursing officers (p < 0.01). A positive attitude was found in 81.1% of doctors and 67.5% of nursing officers (p < 0.01). The overall good practice score was low (31.3%). A higher level of education was associated with good knowledge (β = -1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.76, -0.55, p < 0.01) and positive attitude (β = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.9, 0.16, p = 0.005) toward HPV, CC, and the HPV vaccine. Conclusions Our cohort showed good knowledge and attitude toward CC, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, but poor HPV vaccine uptake and practice. Therefore, health education programs focused on increasing awareness and uplifting confidence are needed to accept and recommend the HPV vaccine in developing countries like India.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening rates are suboptimal in the US, particularly among historically underserved groups like Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex (LGBTQI+)-identifying women and transgender men. Therefore, our cross-sectional study assessed factors associated with these rates among LGBTQI+-identifying women and transgender men.HPV-related cancer knowledge, HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening status, and the acceptability of self-collection for screening of 1983 LGBTQI+-identifying women and transgender men was assessed via an online survey available to members of the HER mobile app from March to May 2022. Associations between sociodemographic factors, vaccination, and screening were assessed using multivariable logistic regressions from November 2022 to December 2023.Most participants aged 18-26 (77.0%) and 6.3% of participants aged ≥46 (P < 0.001) had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Cervical cancer screening rates were positively associated with age: 70.5% of those aged 21-26 and 96.1% aged ≥46 (P < 0.001). Screening was negatively associated with male gender identity (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.42; P < 0.001), being uninsured (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24-0.67; P < 0.001), and being unvaccinated against HPV (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.18-0.43; P < 0.001). 29.6% of those unscreened believed screening was not needed, and 22.1% were uncomfortable with pelvic exams. 40.4% of all participants would prefer self-collection for screening. Our findings indicate opportunities to increase screening and vaccination. Among under-screened individuals, lack of knowledge about screening necessity and discomfort with pelvic exams were important barriers. Targeted interventions addressing patient knowledge, practitioner communication, and exploring self-screening strategies are warranted.