终止妊娠(TOP)是低收入和中等收入国家孕产妇发病和死亡的常见原因。基于人口的调查是低收入国家TOP数据的主要数据来源,但众所周知,有一些缺点需要改进。EN-INDEPTH多国调查采用了完整的妊娠史方法,包括名册和有关TOP和月经恢复的新问题。这篇混合方法论文评估了回答问题的完整性,这些问题引出了受访者的TOP信息和实践报告,障碍,和TOP报告的促进者。
EN-INDEPTH研究是一项基于人群的横断面研究。该研究的全孕史部门在INDEPTH网络的五个健康和人口监测系统(HDSS)站点中调查了2017年至2018年之间的34,371名育龄妇女:Bandim,几内亚比绍;达巴特,埃塞俄比亚;IgangaMayuge,乌干达;Kintampo,加纳;和Matlab,孟加拉国。使用简单的表格和汇总统计数据评估回答TOP问题的完整性和时间。计算TOP率和比率的精确二项95%置信区间。进行了二十八(28)次焦点小组讨论,并进行了专题分析。
对于所有问题类型,关于TOP的回答的完整性在90.3%和100.0%之间。新问题在2.0%(1.0-3.4)之间引发,15.5%(13.9-17.3),和11.5%(8.8-14.7)的终生TOP案例超过了达巴特的名册问题,埃塞俄比亚;Matlab,孟加拉国;和Kintampo,加纳,分别。在所有站点中,名册TOP问题的中位响应时间均低于1.3分钟。定性结果显示,TOP经常被污名化,被认为是不道德的,不人道,和可耻的。因此,它被保密,使报告变得困难和不舒服。流产被认为是自然的,比TOP更容易报告。面试官技巧,这被认为是为了促进TOP披露,包括文化能力,了解TOP的上下文适当术语,适应受访者的个人情况,是非判断性的,说一种共同的语言,并提供详细的知情同意书。
调查名册问题可能会低估真实的最高比率,因为新问题引起了没有在名册问题中披露TOP的女性的回答。建议进一步研究,特别是标准化培训和改进面试背景和技术的方法,以促进调查中的TOP报告。
Termination of pregnancy (TOP) is a common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Population-based surveys are the major data source for TOP data in LMICs but are known to have shortcomings that require improving. The EN-INDEPTH multi-country survey employed a full pregnancy history approach with roster and new questions on TOP and Menstrual Restoration. This mixed methods paper assesses the completeness of responses to questions eliciting TOP information from respondents and reports on practices, barriers, and facilitators to TOP reporting.
The EN-INDEPTH
study was a population-based cross-sectional
study. The Full Pregnancy History arm of the
study surveyed 34,371 women of reproductive age between 2017 and 2018 in five Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites of the INDEPTH network: Bandim, Guinea-Bissau; Dabat, Ethiopia; IgangaMayuge, Uganda; Kintampo, Ghana; and Matlab, Bangladesh. Completeness and time spent in answering TOP questions were evaluated using simple tabulations and summary statistics. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were computed for TOP rates and ratios. Twenty-eight (28) focus group discussions were undertaken and analysed thematically.
Completeness of responses regarding TOP was between 90.3 and 100.0% for all question types. The new questions elicited between 2.0% (1.0-3.4), 15.5% (13.9-17.3), and 11.5% (8.8-14.7) lifetime TOP cases over the roster questions from Dabat, Ethiopia; Matlab, Bangladesh; and Kintampo, Ghana, respectively. The median response time on the roster TOP questions was below 1.3 minutes in all sites. Qualitative results revealed that TOP was frequently stigmatised and perceived as immoral, inhumane, and shameful. Hence, it was kept secret rendering it difficult and uncomfortable to report. Miscarriages were perceived to be natural, being easier to report than TOP. Interviewer techniques, which were perceived to facilitate TOP disclosure, included cultural competence, knowledge of contextually appropriate terms for TOP, adaptation to interviewee\'s individual circumstances, being non-judgmental, speaking a common language, and providing detailed informed consent.
Survey roster questions may under-represent true TOP rates, since the new questions elicited responses from women who had not disclosed TOP in the roster questions. Further research is recommended particularly into standardised training and approaches to improving interview context and techniques to facilitate TOP reporting in surveys.