目的:患有Lynch综合征(LS)的个体由于遗传改变而终生发生结直肠癌(CRC)的风险很高。营养是散发性CRC的主要可改变的危险因素之一,然而,这在LS患者中尚未确定。本研究旨在详细概述LS患者的饮食摄入量,和相关的个体特征。
方法:使用食物频率问卷获得来自AAS-Lynch临床试验(2017-2022)的LS患者的饮食行为。膳食摄入量,食物组消费量和总体饮食质量(饮食模式,坚持地中海饮食)根据社会人口统计学进行描述,人体测量和临床特征,并与NutriNet-Santé研究中没有LS的参与者进行比较(性别匹配,年龄,BMI和地区)。
结果:280名LS患者被纳入本分析,并与547名对照组相匹配。与对照组相比,LS患者消耗更少的纤维,豆类,水果和蔬菜,更多的红色和加工肉(所有p<0.01)。他们的地中海饮食评分也较低(p=0.002)。在LS患者中,男人,年轻患者,或处境不利的人的饮食营养质量较差,对“健康”饮食的依从性较低(均p≤0.01)。患有流行CRC的LS患者乳制品的消费量高于推荐量,而那些患有普遍腺瘤的人消耗更多的蔬菜,和较少的糖和甜食(所有p≤0.01)。
结论:尽管患有LS的患者意识到他们一生中患癌症的风险很高,他们的饮食不是最佳的,并且包括与CRC相关的营养危险因素.
Individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) have a high lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) due to genetic alterations. Nutrition is one of the main modifiable risk factors for sporadic CRC, however this has not been established in LS patients. The present
study aimed to give a detailed overview of dietary intakes in individuals with LS, and associated individual characteristics.
Dietary behaviours of individuals with LS from the AAS-Lynch clinical
trial (2017-2022) were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes, food group consumption and overall diet quality (dietary patterns, adherence to the Mediterranean diet) were described according to sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics, and compared to participants without LS from the NutriNet-Santé
study (matched on sex, age, BMI and region).
280 individuals with LS were included in this analysis and matched with 547 controls. Compared to controls, LS patients consumed less fibre, legumes, fruit and vegetables and more red and processed meat (all p < 0.01). They also had a lower Mediterranean diet score (p = 0.002). Among LS patients, men, younger patients, or those with disadvantaged situation had a diet of poorer nutritional quality with lower adherence to a \"Healthy\" diet (all p ≤ 0.01). LS Patients with prevalent CRC had a higher consumption of dairy products than recommended, while those with prevalent adenoma consumed more vegetables, and less sugar and sweets (all p ≤ 0.01).
Although patients with LS were aware of their high lifetime risk of developing cancer, their diets were not optimal and included nutritional risk factors associated to CRC.