Vascular conjunctival tumors are uncommon, usually benign lesions. Here, we report a 65-year-old male who presented with a nasal interpalpebral bulbar firm, oval, and dark-brown and non-mobile conjunctival mass. The systemic and ocular examinations including fundoscopy and gonioscopy were within normal limits. With a diagnosis of conjunctival malignant melanoma (CMM), the patient underwent excisional biopsy, partial sclerectomy, and cryotherapy. Microscopic examination revealed dilated vascular channels filled by red blood cells, separated by fibrous interstitium and no sign of malignancy. Therefore, a diagnosis of conjunctival cavernous hemangioma was made. Our case demonstrates that the conjunctival cavernous hemangioma can mimic malignant conjunctival lesions as well as extrascleral extension of uveal melanoma or uveal prolapse due to scleral necrosis.

BACKGROUND: Pure epidural spinal cavernous hemangiomas are rare, benign vascular tumors that account for approximately 4% of all spinal epidural tumors. Due to their dumbbell shape and propensity for foraminal invasion, they are often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. We present a case of a 58-year-old male with extra-osseous cavernous hemangioma to better aid in diagnosis and management of these lesions.
METHODS: A 58-year-old male presented with chronic lower back pain, progressive lower extremity weakness, T10 sensory level, absent lower extremity proprioception, hyperreflexia, and an episode of bowel incontinence. Imaging demonstrated T7-T10 homogenous dorsal epidural mass causing cord signal change. He underwent resection with histopathologic exam revealing a pure epidural cavernous hemangioma.
CONCLUSIONS: Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas are exceedingly rare lesions that are often misdiagnosed as nerve sheath tumors and meningiomas. Common features include chronic pain and myelopathy as well as T1 isodensity, T2 hyperintensity, and homogenous enhancement. Uniquely, they present as a lobulated, spindled shape with tapered ends in the dorsal epidural space. Both gross and subtotal resection result in favorable neurologic outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Rectal cavernous hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular disease that seldom causes lower gastrointestinal bleeding, characterized by a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses. Surgical treatment is considered to be relatively effective; however, it is accompanied by certain employed in the treatment of superficial hemangioma, boasting the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, including safety, effectiveness, reduced trauma, and rapid recovery. However, there is a lack of literature regarding the application of foam sclerosing agents for gastrointestinal hemangiomas.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a 60-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent hematochezia for >1 year and worsening symptoms for 1 week. The patient\'s medical history was unremarkable.
METHODS: Following colonoscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and other examinations, the final diagnosis was rectal cavernous hemangioma.
METHODS: Due to the patient\'s refusal of surgery, endoscopic foam sclerotherapy using a lauromacrogol injection was performed after obtaining informed consent from the patient and their relatives.
RESULTS: Post-sclerotherapy, hematochezia symptoms ceased, and no adverse reactions were observed. Two months later, colonoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging showed that the hemangioma had almost completely disappeared, with only a small amount of tumor remnants, yielding a satisfactory curative effect.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that endoscopic injection of a lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for gastrointestinal cavernous hemangiomas.

心脏海绵状血管瘤是一种罕见的良性心脏肿瘤，需要与心脏黏液瘤、乳头状弹力纤维瘤、心脏肉瘤等鉴别诊断。对于症状明显的患者应首选手术治疗，术后长期预后良好。该文报道了1例心脏海绵状血管瘤患者的诊治过程。.

UNASSIGNED: Camrelizumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibiting antibody, has demonstrated efficacy in various malignancies and received approval in multiple countries. Despite its therapeutic benefits, camrelizumab is associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), predominantly reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP). However, visceral manifestations of such endothelial proliferations, particularly hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, have not been extensively documented.
UNASSIGNED: This case series retrospectively reviews six patients who developed hepatic hemangiomas following treatment with camrelizumab in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The series highlights the clinical course, imaging findings, management strategies, and outcomes associated with this complication. A detailed analysis was conducted to discern the potential causal relationship between camrelizumab therapy and the development of hepatic hemangiomas.
UNASSIGNED: All six patients, after varying cycles of camrelizumab-based therapy, presented with hepatic lesions identified as cavernous hemangiomas on imaging. These findings were atypical for metastatic disease and were further complicated by significant clinical events, including massive intra-abdominal bleeding post-biopsy. Discontinuation of camrelizumab led to a reduction in the size of the hemangiomas in two cases, suggesting a potential link between the drug and the development of these vascular lesions. The incidence of RCCEP remained high, and the use of other agents such as bevacizumab did not mitigate the occurrence of hepatic hemangiomas, indicating a possible unique pathogenic mechanism associated with camrelizumab.
UNASSIGNED: Hepatic cavernous hemangioma may represent a rare but clinically significant irAE associated with camrelizumab therapy. This series underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring and a high index of suspicion for atypical hepatic lesions in patients undergoing treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of this complication and to establish guidelines for the management and surveillance of patients receiving camrelizumab.

Lesions situated within the orbit pose significant challenges in management due to the confined space they occupy and their proximity to critical anatomical structures. The objective of our study is to assess the feasibility of the ipsilateral endoscopic endonasal approach for orbital cavernous hemangiomas and to comprehend the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex and inferomedial orbital structures.
Thirteen patients (8 women, 5 men), with ages ranging from 25 to 54 years (mean 35.2 ± 8.3 years), with orbital cavernous hemangioma who underwent surgery via the ipsilateral mononostril endoscopic endonasal approach between August 2018 and August 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, radiographic images, and clinical outcomes of the patients were collected from digital medical records.
The left orbit was more commonly affected (9 left, 4 right). The average postoperative follow-up duration was 22.2 months (range: 6-50 months). Among the 13 cases of orbital cavernous hemangioma, 1 (7.7%) was located in the extraconal compartment, and 12 (92.3%) were situated in the intraconal compartment. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was successfully achieved in all patients.
Our study highlights the potential advantages of employing a purely ipsilateral mononostril endoscopic endonasal approach for orbital surgery, particularly for accessing the orbital apex and managing medial and inferomedial orbital lesions. This technique holds promise for reducing morbidity and enhancing outcomes, especially when combined with careful patient selection, preoperative planning, and advanced endoscopic skills.

OBJECTIVE: Herein, we reported a case of retinal cavernous hemangioma (RCH) and its multimodal imaging.
METHODS: Many grape-like lesions were incidentally found along the distal portion of the vascular arcade in a 23-year-old man\'s superonasal quadrant of the retina. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The fluorescein angiography showed saccular lesions that slowly filled with hypofluorescence in the early stage and clusters of aneurysms with hyperfluorescence and a special \"fluorescein cap\" appearance in the late stage. The optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) B-scan revealed multilocular cavernous spaces with different sizes in the inner retinal layers, varying signals, and an epiretinal membrane. The enface OCTA of retina showed grape-like changes and multiple highly reflective signal cavities with clear and complete boundaries.
CONCLUSIONS: Different multimodal images are better for understanding the characteristics of RCH and more convenient for its diagnosis and follow-up.

暂无摘要。

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disease that mainly involves blood vessels and is characterized by the presence of capillary malformations (port wine stains), varicose veins, soft tissue and/or bone hypertrophy.
We report a 28-year-old man who was diagnosed 20 years ago with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Approximately 3 years ago, he found enlarged masses on both upper extremities and a new dark red mass that was pathologically diagnosed as cavernous haemangioma appeared on the right index finger.
KTS is a rare and potentially multisystem disease requiring multidisciplinary management for which imaging examination is an important auxiliary diagnostic method. Various complications may occur during its development, so regular follow-up is required to prevent serious accidents.

BACKGROUND: Hemangioma is a common benign disease in clinical practice, but it is rare to find a giant hemangioma in the fetal period.
METHODS: Here, we report a case of a giant hemangioma of the fetal head and neck measuring approximately 10.1 × 6.5 cm.
METHODS: At first, only ultrasonography was used to diagnose the suspected hemangioma. The pregnant woman refused to undergo further testing and requested induction of labor, after which the tumor was finally sent for pathological examination to confirm hemangioma.
RESULTS: Additionally, the fetus developed severe edema (fluid accumulation in the thoracic, abdominal, and pericardial cavities), which can be fatal to the fetus. Finally, the mother refused to continue the pregnancy and underwent induction of labor with rivanol.
CONCLUSIONS: Most hemangiomas are small and asymptomatic. Giant hemangiomas are rare and associated with a variety of maternal and fetal complications. Therefore, this article aims to summarize the knowledge related to hemangioma through this case, strengthen doctors\' understanding of this disease, and bring the attention of pregnant women to this disease to ensure early diagnosis and treatment and prevent a poor prognosis.