背景:由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的COVID-19,在世界范围内扩散,导致大流行。许多政府和非政府组织以及研究机构正在为COVID-19控制大流行的斗争做出贡献。
背景:在大流行期间已经提出并采用了许多远程医疗应用,以对抗疾病的传播。为此,强大的工具,如人工智能(AI)/机器人技术,跟踪,监测,咨询应用程序和其他远程医疗干预措施已被广泛使用。然而,目前这项技术面临着几个问题和挑战。
目的:本次范围审查的目的是分析这些技术的主要目标;记录它们对应对COVID-19的贡献;确定并分类它们在应对COVID-19或未来大流行疫情方面的主要挑战和未来方向。
方法:四个数字图书馆(ACM,IEEE,搜索了Scopus和GoogleScholar)以确定相关来源。系统评价和Meta分析扩展的首选报告项目(PRISMA-ScR)被用作制定全面范围评价的指南程序。在干预类型的背景下,从审查和分析的研究中提取了一般的远程健康特征,使用的技术,捐款,挑战,问题和限制。
结果:分析了27项研究。报告的远程健康干预措施分为两大类:基于人工智能的干预措施和基于非人工智能的干预措施;它们对应对COVID-19的主要贡献是在疾病检测和诊断方面,发病机制和病毒学,疫苗和药物开发,传播和流行病预测,在线患者咨询,跟踪,和观察;已经报告了28项远程健康干预挑战/问题,并将其分类为技术(14),非技术(10),和隐私,和政策问题(4)。最关键的技术挑战是:网络问题,系统可靠性问题,性能,准确性和兼容性问题。此外,最关键的非技术问题是:所需的技能,硬件/软件成本,无法完全取代物理治疗,以及人们对使用该技术的不确定性。严格的法律/法规,伦理问题是影响文献中报道的远程健康干预措施发展的一些政策和隐私问题。
结论:这项研究为医学和科学学者提供了远程医疗技术在抗击COVID-19方面的当前和未来应用的全面概述,以激励研究人员继续最大限度地发挥这些技术在抗击大流行方面的优势。最后,我们建议已确定的挑战,隐私,在设计和开发未来的远程医疗应用程序时,应考虑安全问题和解决方案。
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, proliferated worldwide, leading to a pandemic. Many governmental and non-governmental organisations and research institutes are contributing to the COVID-19 fight to control the pandemic.
BACKGROUND: Numerous telehealth applications have been proposed and adopted during the pandemic to combat the spread of the disease. To this end, powerful tools such as artificial intelligence (AI)/robotic technologies, tracking, monitoring, consultation apps and other telehealth interventions have been extensively used. However, there are several issues and challenges that are currently facing this technology.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping
review is to analyse the primary goal of these techniques; document their contribution to tackling COVID-19; identify and categorise their main challenges and future direction in fighting against the COVID-19 or future pandemic outbreaks.
METHODS: Four digital libraries (ACM, IEEE, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched to identify relevant sources. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as a guideline procedure to develop a comprehensive scoping
review. General telehealth features were extracted from the studies reviewed and analysed in the context of the intervention type, technology used, contributions, challenges, issues and limitations.
RESULTS: A collection of 27 studies were analysed. The reported telehealth interventions were classified into two main categories: AI-based and non-AI-based interventions; their main contributions to tackling COVID-19 are in the aspects of disease detection and diagnosis, pathogenesis and virology, vaccine and drug development, transmission and epidemic predictions, online patient consultation, tracing, and observation; 28 telehealth intervention challenges/issues have been reported and categorised into technical (14), non-technical (10), and privacy, and policy issues (4). The most critical technical challenges are: network issues, system reliability issues, performance, accuracy and compatibility issues. Moreover, the most critical non-technical issues are: the skills required, hardware/software cost, inability to entirely replace physical treatment and people\'s uncertainty about using the technology. Stringent laws/regulations, ethical issues are some of the policy and privacy issues affecting the development of the telehealth interventions reported in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides medical and scientific scholars with a comprehensive overview of telehealth technologies\' current and future applications in the fight against COVID-19 to motivate researchers to continue to maximise the benefits of these techniques in the fight against pandemics. Lastly, we recommend that the identified challenges, privacy, and security issues and solutions be considered when designing and developing future telehealth applications.