研究背景:扭曲血吸虫是热带和亚热带地区小反刍动物的重要病原线虫寄生虫,也是主要的经济制约因素。这篇综述试图系统地解决以下问题:(a)通过体外和体内证明不同植物对H.contortus的功效;(b)毒理学,作用机制,和活性植物化合物涉及抗血淋病活性;(c)和体外和体内评估的植物物种的比较分析。方法:在线数据库(谷歌学者,PubMed,Scopus,和ScienceDirect)进行搜索,并收集和审查已发表的研究文章(1980-2020)。结果:共报告187种植物,属于59科145属,经常使用菊科和豆科。在所有植物物种中,发现171个物种在体外进行了评估,只有40个物种在体内进行了评估。通常评估24种物种的体外和体内抗血淋病活性。在报道的检测方法中,卵孵化试验(EHT)和粪便卵数减少(FECR)是体外和体内最广泛使用的试验,分别。此外,绵羊是体内常用的实验模型。经过比较分析,鼠尾草,CitriodoraCorymbia,Calotropisprocera,发现蒿蒿在体内和体外都非常有效。L.viridiflorum抑制寄生虫的酶活性和代谢过程,并且被发现是安全的,没有毒性作用。C.citriodora在体内有中等毒性,然而,植物提取物通过引起肌肉解体和线粒体谱的变化产生了有希望的杀线虫作用。此外,尽管C.procera和A.herba-alba具有高抗血淋病活性,但在测试浓度下仍具有高毒性。C.procera引起穿孔和被膜解体以及成虫蠕虫麻痹。报告了19种化合物,其中茴香脑和香芹酮在体外完全抑制卵孵化,显著减少粪便卵数,男性长度减少,和雌性在体内的生殖能力。结论:这篇综述总结了不同的药用植物对H.contortus卵的杀线虫活性,幼虫,成虫植物如L.viridiflorum,C.citriodora,C.普塞拉,和A.herba-alba,而化合物茴香脑和香芹酮具有很好的杀线虫活性,经过进一步研究,可以作为开发新药的替代来源。
Background: Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogenic nematode parasite and major economic constraint of small ruminants in tropics and subtropics regions. This
review is an attempt to systematically address the; (a) efficacy of different plants against H. contortus by in vitro and in vivo proof; (b) toxicology, mechanism of action, and active phyto-compounds involve in anti-haemonchiasis activity; (c) and comparative analysis of plant species evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were searched and published research articles (1980-2020) were gathered and reviewed. Results: A total of 187 plant species were reported belonging to 59 families and 145 genera with Asteraceae and Fabaceae being frequently used. Out of the total plant species, 171 species were found to be evaluated in vitro and only 40 species in vivo. Twenty-four species were commonly evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-haemonchiasis activity. Among the reported assays, egg hatching test (EHT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) were the most widely used assays in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, sheep were the frequently used experimental model in vivo. After comparative analysis, Lachesiodendron viridiflorum, Corymbia citriodora, Calotropis procera, and Artemisia herba-alba were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo. L. viridiflorum inhibited enzymatic activities and metabolic processes of the parasite and was found to be safe without toxic effects. C. citriodora was moderately toxic in vivo, however, the plant extract produced promising nematicidal effects by causing muscular disorganization and changes in the mitochondrial profile. Additionally, C. procera and A. herba -alba despite of their high anti-haemonchiasis activity were found to be highly toxic at the tested concentrations. C. procera caused perforation and tegumental disorganization along with adult worm paralysis. Nineteen compounds were reported, among which anethole and carvone completely inhibited egg hatching in vitro and significantly reduced fecal egg count, decreased male length, and reproductive capacity of female in vivo. Conclusion: This
review summarized different medicinal plants owing to nematicidal activities against H. contortus eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Plants like L. viridiflorum, C. citriodora, C. procera, and A. herba-alba, while compounds anethole and carvone having promising nematicidal activities and could be an alternative source for developing novel drugs after further investigation.