BACKGROUND: The current study presents a novel and precise surgical technique for complete reconstruction of the aortic valve using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium in a patient with aortic valve disease and endocarditis. The technique aims to provide a more effective and reproducible method for aortic valve repair, with the goal of improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with aortic valve disease.
METHODS: A 35-year-old Iranian male with aortic valve disease and endocarditis underwent aortic valve reconstruction surgery. Preoperative echocardiography showed a degenerative aortic valve with severe regurgitation, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and specific aortic root dimensions. The surgical technique involved precise measurements and calculations to design the size and shape of the new aortic valve cusps using autologous pericardium, with the goal of optimizing coaptation and function. The surgeon calculated the intercommissural distance based on the aortic annulus diameter to determine cusp size and shape. He tailored the pericardial cusps to have a height equal to 80% of the coaptation margin length. Detailed suturing techniques were used to ensure proper alignment and coaptation of the new cusps. Intraoperative evaluation of the valve function using suction and transesophageal echocardiography showed good coaptation and minimal residual regurgitation. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient had a well-functioning aortic valve with only trivial leak and was in satisfactory clinical condition.
CONCLUSIONS: Glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium is a validated leaflet alternative, and the causes of its failure are late annular dilatation and other technique breakdowns. Current evidence reveals that aortic valve reconstruction with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium is associated with many advantages with the potential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term durability and efficacy of this approach.

A 74-year-old woman was taken to our hospital with a chief complaint of chest and back pain. She was diagnosed with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection and underwent ascending aortic replacement. Fifteen months after surgery, a giant anastomotic aneurysm was found at the proximal and distal anastomoses on chest computed tomography (CT), and reoperation was indicated. Following sternal re-entry, anastomotic dehiscence was found where BioGlue, albumin/glutaraldehyde sealant, had been applied during the previous surgery, and caused aneurysm. Severe postoperative adhesion precluded extensive surgery, and redo replacement of the ascending aorta was carried out. Histopathological examination revealed extensive necrosis of smooth muscle cells in the aortic wall at the anastomotic site and a marked inflammatory cell infiltration around the aortic wall and the artificial graft, and association of BioGlue use was suggested. The use of appropriate tissue adhesives to reinforce the dissected aortic wall is important, as well as careful long-term follow-up.

Glutaraldehyde is a kind of volatile and irritating aldehyde organic compound, which belongs to high-efficiency disinfectant. It has a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract and digestive tract, and skin causing denaturation, liquefaction and necrosis of mucous membrane proteins. This article analyzes the treatment process of a patient with high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning by oral and inhalation, and discusses the clinical manifestations and prognosis of high-concentration glutaraldehyde poisoning, so as to provide a basis for clinical treatment.
戊二醛是一种易挥发的刺激性醛类有机化合物，属于高效消毒剂，对眼、呼吸道和消化道黏膜及皮肤有强烈的刺激作用，使黏膜蛋白质变性液化坏死。本文对1例口服及吸入高浓度戊二醛中毒患者的救治过程进行分析，探讨高浓度戊二醛中毒的临床表现和转归，为临床治疗提供依据。.

We report a case of surgical treatment of mitral valve stenosis due to severe calcification on the glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium. A 39-year-old woman presented with progressive dyspnea. She had undergone mitral valve repair by leaflet augmentation with a glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium for mitral regurgitation 3 years before. Transthoracic echocardiography showed mitral valve stenosis with limited movement of the anterior leaflet. At redo surgery, severe calcification was observed of the glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium patch on the anterior mitral leaflet. Mitral valve replacement was performed successfully, and she was discharged on postoperative day 14.

The challenges associated with operating electron microscopes (EM) in biosafety level 3 and 4 containment facilities have slowed progress of cryo-EM studies of high consequence viruses. We address this gap in a case study of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) strain TC-83. Chemical inactivation of viruses may physically distort structure, and hence to verify retention of native structure, we selected VEEV strain TC-83 to develop this methodology as this virus has a 4.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure. In our method, amplified VEEV TC-83 was concentrated directly from supernatant through a 30 % sucrose cushion, resuspended, and chemically inactivated with 1 % glutaraldehyde. A second 30 % sucrose cushion removed any excess glutaraldehyde that might interfere with single particle analyses. A cryo-EM map of fixed, inactivated VEEV was determined to a resolution of 7.9 Å. The map retained structural features of the native virus such as the icosahedral symmetry, and the organization of the capsid core and the trimeric spikes. Our results suggest that our strategy can easily be adapted for inactivation of other enveloped, RNA viruses requiring BSL-3 or BSL-4 for cryo-EM. However, the validation of inactivation requires the oversight of Biosafety Committee for each Institution.

Magnetic ligand fishing is one of the most widely used methods to screen and separate potentially bioactive compounds from complex mixtures. However, it is poorly understood the ambiguous relations between immobilized enzyme activity and fishing results (accuracy and sensitivity). Therefore, to investigate the underlying relationship of them, we fabricated the immobilized enzyme with different activities by introducing a novel support material, nickel ions (Ni2+) functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica microspheres (MMSM@PDA-Ni2+). It possesses a higher activity than the previous report because of site-directed immobilization. Then, the immobilized COX-2 with different activities were prepared using different immobilization methods, including Ni2+ affinity-oriented immobilization, polydopamine (PDA) covalent immobilization, and conventional glutaraldehyde (GA) covalent immobilization. A standard mixture (COX-2 inhibitors and noninhibitors) and green tea extract were used to compare and evaluate the fishing results systematically. It displayed the fished inhibitors were dramatically reduced with the decreased activity of immobilized COX-2, indicating that immobilized enzyme activity played a critical role in a reliable magnetic ligand fishing analysis. This development questions some of the previous studies aimed at rapid screening bioactive compounds in natural products and opens new possibilities for accurate and sensitive magnetic ligand fishing analysis. Also, the introduced novel materials with mild immobilization strategy preserve enzyme activity and spatial conformational, therefore, provides a valuable tool in future applications.

We report the use of glutaraldehyde (GA) in a case of valve repair for mitral valve prolapse associated with active infective endocarditis. GA scrubbed at the site of infection decontaminates and reinforces infected fragile tissue, avoids excessive debridement, and strengthens the edges of valve leaflets to facilitate suturing.

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Cell-free in vitro synthesis of proteins using coupled transcription/translation is considered to be a powerful alternative to the use of traditional cell-based expression systems. Recently, promising developments have been reported applying cell-free production to membrane proteins for structural biology and in particular for NMR spectroscopy. However, the general applicability of this system to produce large amounts of stable, functional and homogeneous membrane proteins as required for X-ray crystallography remains to be determined. Here, we present a systematic study comparing structural and functional properties of membrane proteins produced using Escherichia coli derived in vitro and in vivo expression systems. The function of the target membrane protein, a previously uncharacterized bacterial glutamate transporter homolog from Staphylothermus marinus, was analyzed using ligand binding and transport assays. In addition, the protein structure was investigated with respect to its overall fold and oligomeric state in different detergents. We found that the protein synthesized in vitro is highly stable and monodisperse. However, in contrast to the protein produced using an in vivo system, it was not able to assemble into the native trimeric state nor to bind substrate. We thus conclude that cell-free expression systems can compromise folding and function of such complex secondary active transporters. The expression product has to be carefully characterized prior to biophysical investigations like crystallography of membrane proteins.

We present a patient who developed a delayed granulomatous reaction after injections of hyaluronic acid and bovine collagen glutaraldehyde that were introduced 6 and 4 years, respectively, previous to her present visit. She was a healthy 65-year-old woman, who was seen in November 2010 at the Columbia University Salivary Gland Center with a tentative diagnosis of a left buccal facial swelling caused by a \"blocked parotid duct.\" The swelling was only slightly painful and had developed 1 month previously after a periodontal surgical procedure that involved the maxillary left quadrant. Questioning indicated that the swelling did not fluctuate in size nor had it changed its configuration since its sudden inception 2 days after the periodontal surgery. Visibly, the swelling was slightly erythematous. Palpation caused only mild discomfort and revealed the swelling to be quite firm in tone. The lesion involved the left facial buccal tissues, with its extraoral center corresponding to the intraoral location of the parotid duct orifice. The swelling was diffuse, with no definitive outline. It measured approximately 3 cm horizontally and 3.5 cm in height. Posteriorly, palpation of the left parotid gland revealed the gland to be painless, normal in tone, and not swollen. No swelling or discomfort was evident on the right side. No trismus was present.