背景:阿片类药物过量危机(OOC)在美国继续产生发病率和死亡率,超过其他突出的事故相关原因。多个学科已应用地理信息科学(GIScience)来了解与阿片类药物相关的健康措施中的地理模式。然而,评估GIScience如何使用的评论有限。
目的:本范围综述调查了GIScience如何被用于进行OOC研究。具体的子目标包括确定文献计量趋势,研究的地点和规模,各种GIScience方法的使用频率,以及未来的研究可以采取什么方向来解决现有的差距。
方法:该综述已在开放科学框架((https://osf.io/h3mfx/)中预先注册,并遵循PRISMA-ScR指南。学术研究来自WebofScience核心收藏,PubMed,IEEEXplore,ACM数字图书馆。纳入标准被定义为出版日期在1999年1月至2021年8月之间,使用GIScience作为研究的核心部分,并调查与阿片类药物相关的健康措施。
结果:231项研究符合纳入标准。大多数研究从2017年开始发表。虽然许多(41.6%)的研究是使用全国范围的数据进行的,大多数(58.4%)发生在国家以下级别。加州,纽约,俄亥俄州,阿巴拉契亚被最频繁地研究,而中西部,北落基山脉,阿拉斯加,夏威夷缺乏研究。最常用的GIScience方法是描述性绘图,县级数据是最常见的方法学分析单位。
结论:GIScience关于OOC的未来研究可以通过开发机器学习用例来解决差距,在县以下一级进行分析,并将GIScience应用于涉及非法芬太尼的问题。使用GIScience的研究预计将继续增加,以及GIScientists之间的多学科研究工作,流行病学家,和其他医疗专业人员可以提高研究的严谨性。
The Opioid Overdose Crisis (OOC) continues to generate morbidity and mortality in the United States, outpacing other prominent accident-related reasons. Multiple disciplines have applied geographic information science (GIScience) to understand geographical patterns in opioid-related health measures. However, there are limited reviews that assess how GIScience has been used.
This scoping
review investigates how GIScience has been used to conduct research on the OOC. Specific sub-objectives involve identifying bibliometric trends, the location and scale of studies, the frequency of use of various GIScience methodologies, and what direction future research can take to address existing gaps.
The
review was pre-registered with the Open Science Framework ((https://osf.io/h3mfx/) and followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Scholarly research was gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library. Inclusion criteria was defined as having a publication date between January 1999 and August 2021, using GIScience as a central part of the research, and investigating an opioid-related health measure.
231 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published from 2017 onward. While many (41.6%) of studies were conducted using nationwide data, the majority (58.4%) occurred at the sub-national level. California, New York, Ohio, and Appalachia were most frequently studied, while the Midwest, north Rocky Mountains, Alaska, and Hawaii lacked studies. The most common GIScience methodology used was descriptive mapping, and county-level data was the most common unit of analysis across methodologies.
Future research of GIScience on the OOC can address gaps by developing use cases for machine learning, conducting analyses at the sub-county level, and applying GIScience to questions involving illicit fentanyl. Research using GIScience is expected to continue to increase, and multidisciplinary research efforts amongst GIScientists, epidemiologists, and other medical professionals can improve the rigor of research.