每年,葡萄收获后,产生了大量的藤蔓。由于这种木质材料中存在大量的生物活性化合物,一些研究报告了它们在不同的可持续应用中的潜力。然而,在这种产品中使用藤蔓之前,他们的安全需要评估。一种识别和量化30种环境污染物(12种有机氯化物农药(OCPs)的稳健方法,6种有机磷农药(OPP),在藤本植物中开发了5种多氯联苯(PCB)和7种溴化阻燃剂(BFR))。为此,优化了提取和清理程序,即藤蔓的大小,QuEChers(快速,easy,便宜,有效,坚固且安全)的组成和分散固相萃取(d-SPE)中使用的碳量。获得了合适的分析参数:所有研究的化合物以及溶剂和基质匹配的标准品的线性(r2)>0.99;相对标准偏差(RSD)低于14%;两个加标水平(10和20μg/kg)的平均回收率在75%至103%之间,除了在59%到105%之间的多氯联苯。检测限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)在0.38和1.09之间和1.26至3.64μg/kg之间,分别。关于19个藤本植物样本的分析,对应于四个不同的品种(TourigaNacional,TintaRoriz,阿尔瓦里尼奥,和Loureiro)在葡萄牙北部的四个不同年份收集,五种污染物(艾氏剂,2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1-二氯乙烯(p,p\'-DDE),α-六氯环己烷(α-HCH),2,4,4'-三氯联苯(PCB28),和2,2\',检测到4,5,5'-五氯联苯(PCB101)。然而,只有甲型六氯环己烷(5.85±0.32至5.99±0.25μg/kg)和艾氏剂(2.44±0.15μg/kg)的定量高于LOQ。筛选藤本植物中的环境污染物对废物的价值至关重要,特别是如果目标是将它们应用于人类消费的产品中。
Every year, after grape harvesting, high quantities of vine-canes are generated. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds present in this woody material, several studies reported their potential to be used in different sustainable applications. However, before employing vine-canes in this kind of products, their safety needs to be assessed. A robust method for identification and quantification of 30 environmental contaminants (12 organochloride pesticides (OCPs), 6 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 brominated flame retardants (BFRs)) in vine-canes was developed. For that, the extraction and clean-up procedures were optimized, namely the vine-canes size, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) composition and the amount of carbon used in the dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE). Suitable analytical parameters were obtained: linearity (r2) >0.99 for all the studied compounds and for the solvent and matrix-matched standards; relative standard deviation (RSD) below 14%; and mean recoveries for two spiking levels (10 and 20 μg/kg) between 75 and 103%, excepting for the PCBs that ranged between 59 and 105%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.38 and 1.09 and 1.26 to 3.64 μg/kg, respectively. Regarding the analysis of 19 vine-cane samples, corresponding to four different varieties (Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alvarinho, and Loureiro) collected in four different years in the North of Portugal, five contaminants (aldrin, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p\'-DDE), α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), 2,4,4\'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28), and 2,2\',4,5,5\'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101)) were detected. However, only α-HCH (5.85 ± 0.32 to 5.99 ± 0.25 μg/kg) and aldrin (2.44 ± 0.15 μg/kg) were quantified above the LOQ. The screening of environmental contaminants in vine-canes is essential to waste valorization, especially if the goal is to apply them in products for human consumption.