Fragment

片段
  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    文献显示,关于枪伤(GSW)患者从脊柱中去除弹道碎片的结果,发现相互矛盾。需要在该领域进行进一步的研究,以更好地理解GSW患者从脊柱中去除弹道碎片的风险和益处的细微差别。在这个案例报告中,我们讨论了晚发性颈椎前脓肿,该脓肿是在最初GSW后11年之前嵌入的子弹碎片迁移到咽后间隙时发展的。
    2011年,一名29岁的男性面部遭受枪伤。他通过后C3-C6侧块器械和融合而稳定下来。没有试图移除子弹碎片。2023年,患者因颈部疼痛恶化而返回。成像显示咽后脓肿,弹道碎片间隔旋转90°。在颈椎前方发现脓肿,其中有可自由移动的弹道碎片。
    此案例突出了几个问题:对保留的硬件进行射线照相监视的标准是什么?如果有记录的移动,这是否会引发进一步调查?可能会发生哪些并发症需要小心移除?
    UNASSIGNED: Literature showcases conflicting findings regarding the outcomes of ballistic fragment removal from the spine in gunshot wounds (GSW) patients. Further research in this area is needed to better comprehend the nuances of risks and benefits surrounding ballistic fragment removal from the spine in GSW patients. In this case report, we discuss the late-onset cervical prevertebral abscess which developed when a previously embedded bullet fragment migrated into the retropharyngeal space 11 years after an initial GSW.
    UNASSIGNED: A 29-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the face in 2011. He was stabilized with a posterior C3-C6 lateral mass instrumentation and fusion. There were no attempts to remove the bullet fragments. In 2023, the patient returned with worsening neck pain. Imaging demonstrated a retropharyngeal abscess with interval rotation of the ballistic fragment by 90°. An abscess was noted anterior to the cervical vertebrae with a freely mobile ballistic fragment within.
    UNASSIGNED: This case highlights several questions: What is the criteria for radiographic surveillance of retained hardware? If there is documented movement, should this trigger further investigation? What complications can occur that warrant careful removal?
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    塑料的广泛使用导致了各种尺寸的塑料废物的积累,特别是包括微塑料(MP)。将MPs引入水生生态系统可能导致生物体的污染,主要是鱼。这项研究首次对Gresik的乳鱼养殖池塘的水和沉积物中遇到的MPs的丰度进行了定量和定性分析,东爪哇,印度尼西亚。在2021年2月至4月之间在三个站点收集了水和沉积物样本。应用单因素方差分析和Pearson相关分析对MPs的丰度进行分析。结果确定了四种类型的MP:碎片,纤维,电影,和颗粒。3月观察到水(10.40颗粒/L)和沉积物样品(1.15颗粒/g)中MPs的最高丰度。水样中主要的MPs大小为100-500μm,而在沉积物中低于100μm。国会议员的颜色有八种不同的颜色:黑色,紫色,红色,蓝色,黄色,粉色,绿色,和透明。MPs聚合物的鉴定被发现是聚丙烯(PP),聚氨酯(PU),聚碳酸酯(PC),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETE),高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)。水柱和沉积物中MP的存在与池塘周围的人类活动有关。因此,大量的国会议员是污染的来源,有可能损害养殖奶鱼的营养质量。这项研究为地方政府制定更清洁的环境和改善人类健康的废物管理政策提供了重要信息。
    The widespread use of plastic has resulted in the accumulation of plastic waste across a range of sizes, notably including microplastics (MPs). The introduction of MPs into aquatic ecosystems can lead to the contamination of organisms, mainly fish. This study reports for the first time a quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted on the abundance of MPs encountered in water and sediment of milkfish aquaculture ponds in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Water and sediment samples were collected at three stations between February to April 2021. The abundance of MPs was analyzed through the application of one-way ANOVA tests and Pearson\'s correlation analysis. The results identified four types of MPs: fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. The highest abundance of MPs in both water (10.40 particle/L) and sediment samples (1.15 particle/g) was observed in March. The predominant MPs size in the water samples is 100-500 μm, while it is below 100 μm in the sediment. The color of the MPs varied across eight colors: black, purple, red, blue, yellow, pink, green, and transparent. The identification of MPs polymers was found to be polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The presence of MPs in the water column and sediments was correlated with human activities around the ponds. Hence, the abundance of MPs is a source of pollution that has the potential to damage the nutritional quality of farmed milkfish. This study provides important information for the local governments to develop waste management policies for a cleaner environment and improved human health.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:在阿富汗和伊拉克战争期间,对服役人员的大多数伤害涉及肌肉骨骼系统。这些伤口通常发生在关节周围,在某些情况下,会导致创伤性关节切开术-这种诊断并不总是明确的,特别是当没有伴随的关节骨折。本研究的目的是评估无骨折的关节周围爆炸伤的诊断和治疗。
    方法:研究队列包括12名连续患者(12名四肢受累),这些患者在四肢周围的关节爆炸伤没有骨折。穿透性关节损伤的诊断依据为临床检查,射线照相结果,或吸气。关节周围伤口被定义为任何伤口,或者不透射线的爆炸碎片,在关节的5厘米内。计算每位患者的新损伤严重程度评分(NISS)。四个病人有上,8例下肢损伤。12例患者中有9例进行了关节囊穿透,并进行了关节冲洗和清创。
    结果:两名患者保留了关节内金属碎片。一名患者在关节5cm范围内有软组织破裂伤口,但没有关节囊穿透。上肢和下肢的伤口分布之间没有显着差异(p=0.23)。然而,与其他爆炸机制相比,简易爆炸装置(IED)引起的爆炸伤害明显更多(p=0.01)。
    结论:仅涉及软组织的关节附近的肢体爆炸伤在外科治疗中提出了独特的挑战。应保持对关节囊穿透的高度怀疑,以便可以适当治疗关节内损伤。
    BACKGROUND: During the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq most injuries to service members involved the musculoskeletal system. These wounds often occurred around joints, and in some cases result in traumatic arthrotomy-a diagnosis that is not always clear, especially when there is no concomitant articular fracture. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of peri-articular blast injuries without fracture.
    METHODS: The study cohort included 12 consecutive patients (12 involved extremities) who sustained peri-articular blast wounds of the extremities without fractures. The diagnosis of penetrating articular injury was based on clinical examination, radiographic findings, or aspiration. A peri-articular wound was defined as any wound, or radio-opaque blast fragment, within 5 cm of a joint. The New Injury Severity Score (NISS) was calculated for each patient. Four patients had upper, and 8 patients had lower extremity injuries. Nine of 12 patients had joint capsular penetration and underwent joint irrigation and debridement.
    RESULTS: Two patients had retained intra-articular metal fragments. One patient had soft tissue blast wounds within 5 cm of a joint but did not have joint capsule penetration. There were no significant differences (p = 0.23) between the distribution of wounds to upper versus lower extremities. However, there were a significantly greater number of blast injuries attributed to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) than from other blast mechanisms (p = 0.01).
    CONCLUSIONS: Extremity blast injuries in the vicinity of joints involving only soft tissues present a unique challenge in surgical management. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for joint capsular penetration so that intra-articular injuries may be appropriately treated.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    微塑料(MPs)在水生系统中的威胁几乎是环境管理中的新挑战。市政污水处理厂(WWTP)既是人为使用的MP的收集者,也是自然环境的来源。这项研究的目的是确定丰度,特点,并通过常规活性污泥法去除市政污水处理厂中的MP。粒度/类型,进水负荷,和条形屏幕中MP的去除率,沉砂池,初级沉降,返回的活性污泥,通过在3个月的采样活动中从废水和污泥中收集复合样品,研究了该污水处理厂的二级澄清单元。通过光学显微镜对疑似MP颗粒进行计数,并使用SEM进行表征,EDS,FTIR,和TGA-DSC技术。议员总数的平均值,纤维,沉砂池后的碎片浓度为6608、3594和3014,分别减少到流出物中的1855、802和1053颗粒/L,分别。总MP的污泥保留率,纤维,碎片为8001、3277和4719个颗粒/L,分别。污水处理厂采用活性污泥法去除MPs的总效率为64%,去除纤维和碎片的总效率为66.6%和60%,分别。纤维是沉砂池后收集的样品的主要形状,并且碎片在流出物中普遍存在。在大多数废水样品中检测到聚乙烯聚合物。现有的处理工艺可有效去除MP颗粒,但仍可作为水生生态系统的潜在来源。
    The threat of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic systems is almost a new challenge in environmental management. The municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) act both as collectors of MPs from anthropic use and as a source to natural environments. This study is aimed to determine the abundance, characteristics, and removal of MPs in a municipal WWTP with conventional activated sludge process. Particle size/type, influent loads, and removal rate of MPs in bar screen, grit chamber, primary sedimentation, returned activated sludge, and secondary clarification units of this WWTP were studied by collecting composite samples from wastewater and sludge over a 3-month sampling campaign. Suspected MP particles were counted by light microscopy and characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and TGA-DSC techniques. The mean total MPs, fibers, and fragment concentration after the grit chamber were 6608, 3594, and 3014 which were reduced to 1855, 802, and 1053 particles/L in the effluent, respectively. The sludge retention of total MPs, fibers, and fragments were 8001, 3277, and 4719 particles/L, respectively. The overall efficiency of WWTP with an activated sludge process to remove MPs was 64% and it removed 66.6% and 60% of fibers and fragments, respectively. Fibers were the dominant shape for the collected samples after the grit chamber and fragments were prevalent in the effluent. Polyethylene polymer was detected in most wastewater samples. Existing treatment processes are effective in the removal of MP particles but still act as a potential source to the aquatic ecosystem.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    塑料和微塑料已在废弃渔船的处置地点以及切拉南鱼类登陆中心的高水位线(HWL)进行了量化和表征,印度。玻璃纤维增强塑料(FRP)对处置地点(〜4.5nm-2和18gm-2)的塑料池的贡献大于HWL(〜0.25nm-2和<1gm-2),并且是前者的微塑料池的丰富组成部分。微型FRP的红外分析揭示了各种树脂(例如,醇酸,聚酯,环氧树脂),而对细观尺寸的FRP的涂漆表面的X射线荧光分析返回了不同浓度的铜和铅。铅的浓度足够高,足以污染〜400mgkg-1的沙子。FRP的相对高密度及其与玻璃纤维和含金属涂料的关联导致颗粒与更“常规”(非复合)热塑性塑料的命运和毒性可能非常不同。
    Plastics and microplastics have been quantified and characterised at disposal sites of abandoned fishing boats and along the high-water line (HWL) of a fish landing centre in Chellanam, India. Fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) made a greater contribution to the plastic pool at the disposal sites (~ 4.5 n m-2 and 18 g m-2) than the HWL (~ 0.25 n m-2 and < 1 g m-2) and was an abundant component of the microplastic pool at the former. Infrared analysis of micro-sized FRPs revealed various resins (e.g., alkyd, polyester, epoxy), while X-ray fluorescence analysis of the painted surfaces of meso-sized FRPs returned variable concentrations of copper and lead. Concentrations of Pb were high enough to contaminate sand up to ~400 mg kg-1. The relatively high density of FRP and its association with glass fibres and metal-bearing paints results in particles with potentially very different fates and toxicities to more \"conventional\" (non-composite) thermoplastics.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    铜宫内节育器(IUD)故障和碎片很少见,关于它们在怀孕中的影响的文件很少。专业组织的建议强调了及时识别和手术切除的重要性,作为病例报告,注意到各种急性和慢性腹内病变。然而,对那些携带宫内节育器残存的患者进行咨询的指导有限.这里,我们介绍了一个保留铜宫内节育器碎片的正常妊娠病例,同时审查现有的管理和咨询数据。
    Copper intrauterine device (IUD) failure and fragmentation are rare, with minimal documentation on their effects in pregnancy. Recommendations from professional organizations highlight the importance of prompt identification and surgical removal, as case reports have noted various acute and chronic intra-abdominal pathologies. However, limited guidance exists around counseling patients who are pregnant with a retained IUD fragment. Here, we present a case of a normal pregnancy with a retained copper IUD fragment, while reviewing existing data on management and counseling.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    In 2010, Indonesia estimated as the second-largest country in the world that donates plastic to the sea. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of microplastics in tropical estuaries. The sampling was carried out in Benoa Bay with four repetitions representing the wet and dry seasons. Spatially it was found that the highest microplastic abundance around the Suwung landfill, while the lowest at Badung River Estuary, middle, and an inlet of the Benoa Bay. The highest percentage to the lowest microplastic based on the size was 500-1000 μm (37.9%), >1000 μm (35.7%), 300-500 μm (22.1%), and <300 μm (4.3%), while based on the shape were fragments (73.19%), foam (17.02%), fiber (6.38%), and granule (3.40%). No significant differences were found between the wet and dry seasons based on the abundance, but significantly varied based on size and shape. Polymers of microplastics were dominated by polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Sci-hub)

  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    意外摄入或吸入异物已被广泛记录,包括在进行牙科治疗时发生的事件。大多数摄入的物体自发通过胃肠道(GIT),但大约10%-20%需要通过内窥镜切除,1%需要手术。该病例报告了上颌弓丝放置期间弓丝碎片意外丢失引起的并发症。它描述了立即和随后的管理,包括使用X光片跟踪碎片通过胃肠道的通道。这种情况强调了牙医必须保持警惕,以防止吸入或摄入异物,以及需要管理决策时时间延迟的后果。
    Accidental ingestion or inhalation of foreign bodies has been widely documented, including incidents which occur whilst undertaking dental treatment. Most ingested objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) spontaneously, but approximately 10%-20% need to be removed endoscopically and 1% require surgery. This case reports a complication arising from the accidental loss of an archwire fragment during maxillary archwire placement. It describes the immediate and subsequent management, including the use of radiographs to track the passage of the fragment through the gastro-intestinal tract. This case stresses the vigilance that dentists must take to prevent inhalation or ingestion of foreign bodies and the consequences of time-delays when management decisions are needed.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Sci-hub)

公众号