Football

足球
  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    这是一个18岁的男性职业足球运动员的情况,进攻型中场,在训练比赛中,他的右大腿出现急性发作疼痛,但继续比赛和训练直到训练结束。最初症状出现两周后,运动员的疼痛增加后踢球和停止训练。一周后,他因右大腿压痛和步态受损而来咨询。在体格检查中观察到他的右股四头肌中段有3厘米的间隙,并且在膝盖伸展和腿部抬起时出现压痛,没有臀部或膝盖的活动限制。他被安排在会诊后进行磁共振成像(MRI),揭示股直肌远端急性慢性2A型外侧肌撕裂。初次损伤后五周进行2ml血清肿抽吸,随后在准备后5分钟内使用间歇性超声引导进行病灶内1ml富含白细胞的富含血小板的血浆(LR-PRP)注射。根据Kon等人的通用编码系统(UCS),LR-PRP制剂分为314-13-00。九次物理治疗,包括初步评估,进行了五个星期。康复始于髋关节屈曲滑轮运动,张力拱,腿延长,蹲下锻炼核心和臀部力量,随着负荷的逐渐增加。随着玩家的症状改善,他开始做一些古怪的运动,比如逆向北欧运动和腿部伸展运动。他还遵循了一个运行程序,逐渐增加速度到完全冲刺,没有疼痛或刺激。受伤后七周进行了恢复运动许可咨询,先前在MRI上确认满意的愈合。患者在通过康复科电池测试和体检后被清除。患者无症状,尽管右股四头肌间隙,但没有投诉,受伤9周后重返比赛。经过一年的随访,病人仍然在竞争水平上比赛,无症状,没有再受伤报告。充分报告康复计划和PRP注射表征对于未来的研究质量改进和可重复性至关重要。
    This is the case of an 18-year-old male professional soccer player, an attacking midfielder, who presented acute-onset pain in his right thigh during a training match but continued playing and training until the end of the session. Two weeks after the initial symptoms, the athlete\'s pain increased after kicking the ball and stopping training. He came for consultation a week later with tenderness in his right thigh and impaired gait. A 3 ​cm gap in his right mid-quadriceps muscle and tenderness during resisted knee extension and leg raises with no hip or knee range of motion limitations were observed on physical examination. He was scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the consultation, revealing an acute-on-chronic type 2A lateral muscle tear of the distal rectus femoris. A 2 ​ml seroma aspiration was performed five weeks after the initial injury with a subsequent intra-lesional 1 ​ml liquid leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) injection using intermittent ultrasound guidance within 5 ​min after preparation. The LR-PRP preparation was classified as 3 14-1 3-0 0 according to the Universal Coding System (UCS) by Kon et al. Nine physiotherapy sessions, including an initial assessment, were conducted over five weeks. The rehabilitation started with pulley exercises with hip flexion, tension arch, leg extension, and squatting with supporting exercises for core and hip strength, with a gradual increase in loading. As the player\'s symptoms improved, he started doing eccentric exercises such as the reverse Nordics and leg extension. He also followed a running program, gradually increasing speed to a full sprint without pain or irritation. The return-to-sports clearance consultation was conducted seven weeks after the injury, previously confirming satisfactory healing on an MRI. The patient was cleared after passing the Rehabilitation Department battery tests and physical examination. The patient was asymptomatic and had no complaints despite his right quadriceps gap, returning to competition nine weeks after injury. After a one-year follow-up, the patient remains playing at a competitive level, asymptomatic, with no reported reinjury. Adequate reporting of rehabilitation programs and PRP injection characterization is crucial for future research quality improvement and reproducibility.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    方法:本报告描述了股四头肌挫伤发展为大腿急性骨筋膜室综合征(ACS)的情况。一名17岁的足球运动员在大腿前直接撞击受伤后的早晨出现了顽固性疼痛和短弧形运动的疼痛。他被诊断为ACS,并成功进行了筋膜切开术,最终在4个月后重返赛场。
    结论:ACS是罕见的,但可能是股四头肌挫伤的灾难性进展。准确和及时的诊断,然后进行适当的康复是最佳结果所必需的。
    METHODS: This report describes the case of quadriceps contusion progressing to acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the thigh. A 17-year-old football player presented the morning after a direct impact injury to the anterior thigh in intractable pain and pain with short arc motion. He was diagnosed with ACS and underwent successful fasciotomy, ultimately returning to play at 4 months.
    CONCLUSIONS: ACS is rare but potential catastrophic progression of quadriceps contusion. Accurate and timely diagnosis followed by appropriate rehabilitation is necessary for optimal outcomes.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目标:国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)对脑震荡的处理越来越严格,特别是在2022赛季涉及迈阿密海豚队(™)四分卫TuaTagovailoa的现场事件之后。作者希望阐明2019-2023年五个NFL赛季中脑震荡诊断和管理的最新趋势。
    方法:作者查询了2019年至2023年的NFL受伤报告,记录了脑震荡球员的记录。错过的周数是使用NFL游戏日志计算的。玩家的脑震荡在游戏中没有发生,复杂的其他伤害,或名册状态被排除。
    结果:对NFL受伤报告的搜索导致在2019-2023赛季常规赛中发生的692例(96%)脑震荡中的664例。在这五个赛季中,有31%的球员在没有错过比赛的情况下返回,39%的球员错过了一场比赛,和30%的球员错过了两场或比赛。在观察到的季节中,每场比赛或错过的周数没有观察到显着差异。进入季后赛的球队中脑震荡的球员比非季后赛球队中的球员错过的时间少(0.86v.1.37,p=0.002)。
    结论:自2021年NFL赛季开始以来,脑震荡的发生率越来越高,然而,脑震荡后错过的周数没有变化.各季脑震荡发生率趋势基本保持稳定,尽管对这项运动的脑震荡进行了越来越多的审查。
    OBJECTIVE: The National Football League (NFL) has seen increasing scrutiny regarding its management of concussions, especially following an on-field incident involving the Miami Dolphins\' quarterback Tua Tagovailoa in the 2022 season. We hope to elucidate the recent trends in the diagnosis and management of concussions during the course of 5 NFL seasons from 2019 to 2023.
    METHODS: We queried the NFL injury reports from the 2019 through 2023 database recording players listed with concussions. The weeks missed were calculated using the NFL game logs. Players\' concussions that did not occur in the games, those complicated by other injuries, and those affected by roster status were excluded.
    RESULTS: Searches of the NFL injury reports resulted in the identification of 664 of 692 concussions (96%) that occurred in regular season games across the 2019-2023 seasons. During the course of these 5 seasons, 31% of the players returned without missing a game, 39% of the players missed 1 game, and 30% of the players missed ≥2 games. No significant difference in the number of concussions per game or weeks missed was observed across the seasons observed. Players with concussions on teams that made the playoffs saw fewer weeks missed than those on non-playoff teams (0.86 vs. 1.37; P = 0.002).
    CONCLUSIONS: Since the start of the 2021 NFL season, an increasing incidence of concussions has been noted; however, there was no change observed in the number of weeks missed after the concussions. Trends in the rates of concussions across the seasons remain largely stable, despite increased scrutiny over concussions in the sport.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    2018年视频助理裁判(VAR)的实施对数十亿美元的足球产业产生了重大影响。作为全球最受欢迎和最受关注的运动,足球的财务风险很高,与俱乐部,联盟,广播公司,赞助商,和球迷在游戏中投入巨资。围绕VAR系统的持续辩论揭示了保持足球(足球)真实性和利用技术提高准确性之间的复杂平衡。为了维护足球的隐喻力量并维持它给几代人的球迷带来的永恒快乐,取得正确的平衡是至关重要的。在这种情况下,伊曼纽尔·康德的哲学可以为VAR在足球中的利用提供有价值的见解。根据康德伦理,使用VAR可以提高公平性和准确性,符合裁判的道德义务。然而,重要的是要考虑潜在的非人化效应和在游戏中保持人类判断价值的必要性。因此,本文旨在深入探讨当技术融入传统实践时出现的复杂动态,强调对这种进步的影响进行批判性反思的重要性。
    The implementation of Video Assistant Referees (VARs) in 2018 has had a significant impact on the multi-billion-dollar soccer industry. As the most popular and watched sport globally, soccer\'s financial stakes are high, with clubs, leagues, broadcasters, sponsors, and fans heavily invested in the game. The ongoing debate surrounding the VAR system brings to light the intricate balance between preserving the authenticity of football (soccer) and harnessing technology to improve accuracy. It is crucial to strike the right equilibrium in order to uphold football\'s metaphorical power and sustain the timeless joy it has brought to fans throughout generations. In this context, Immanuel Kant\'s philosophy can offer valuable insights into the utilization of VARs in soccer. According to Kantian ethics, using VARs can be justified if it serves to enhance fairness and accuracy, aligning with the moral duties of referees. Nevertheless, it is important to consider the potential dehumanizing effects and the necessity of preserving the value of human judgment in the game. Therefore, this paper aims to explore in-depth the intricate dynamics that arise when technology is integrated into traditional practices, emphasizing the significance of critical reflection on the implications of such advancements.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    赫尔默,M,恶魔,S,Low,C,直到,K.一种新颖的案例研究方法,用于调查腿部力量不对称性和橄榄球联盟球员的多向速度。JStrengthCondResXX(X):000-000,2023年-腿部力量和多向速度素质一再与橄榄球联盟(RL)比赛中的表现提高有关,并与职业成就有关。然而,很少有这种强度的证据是通过单边测量获得的,没有研究可以检查强度不对称性的影响,在这个人口中,RL球员的速度素质。因此,这项研究检查了单边力量之间的关系,作为一种新颖的发展,我们确定了最不对称的受试者进行进一步分析.50名RL球员进行了后脚高开深蹲5次重复,20米线性冲刺,并修改了505变向试验。该组的平均腿部力量为88.92±12.59kg;当除以体重时,平均相对强度(REL)为1.03±0.17kg·kg-1,平均不对称性为3.21±5.70%。具有最大不对称性的受试者(受试者A)的失衡率为33%,平均腿部力量为75kg(REL=0.78kg·kg-1),体重高于组平均值1SD。对该组的数据和受试者A的数据的分析没有表明腿部力量不对称是常见的或有害的,关于速度性能。然而,相对腿部力量与改善的线性和多向速度相关。建议从业者优先考虑相对腿部力量的发展,而忽略腿部表现对称性之间的渴望。
    UNASSIGNED: Helme, M, Emmonds, S, Low, C, and Till, K. A novel case study approach to the investigation of leg strength asymmetry and Rugby League player\'s multidirectional speed. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 941-947, 2024-Leg strength and multidirectional speed qualities have repeatedly been linked with increased performance during Rugby League (RL) match play and associated with career attainment. However, very little of this evidence for strength has been gained through unilateral measurements with no study available that has examined the impact of strength asymmetry, in this population, on speed qualities in RL players. Therefore, this study examined the association between unilateral strength, and as a novel development, the subject with the most extreme asymmetry was identified for further analysis. Fifty RL players undertook the rear foot elevated split squat 5 repetition maximum, 20-m linear sprint, and modified 505 change of direction test. The mean leg strength for the group was 88.92 ± 12.59 kg; when divided by body mass, the mean relative strength (REL) was 1.03 ± 0.17 kg·kg -1 , and the mean asymmetry was 3.21 ± 5.70%. The subject with the greatest asymmetry (subject A) had an imbalance of 33% and a mean leg strength of 75 kg (REL = 0.78 kg·kg -1 ) and a body mass 1 SD above the group mean. Analysis of the group\'s data and that of subject A did not indicate that leg strength asymmetry was either frequent or harmful, with respect to speed performance. However, relative leg strength was associated with both improved linear and multidirectional speed. Practitioners are recommended to prioritize the development of relative leg strength and disregard the aspiration for between leg performance symmetry.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景和目标:对女子足球运动员进行比赛状态分析的研究很少,并且以前仅研究过负荷监测,而其他标记,例如物理(即,力量,电源,和敏捷性),生理(即,最大摄氧量),和身体成分(即,身体脂肪量,无脂质量,体内水,和相位角)标记,需要进一步调查。因此,这项研究的目的是(A)比较身体,生理,身体成分,以及起跑者和非起跑者之间的负荷标记;(b)比较训练干预前和训练干预后(五周)的测量结果;(c)分析身体、生理,身体成分,在一支精英女子足球队中加载标记。材料与方法:14名一线队队员参加研究(年龄23.29±3.19岁,重量59.14±6.87kg,高度1.66±0.08m)。几个物理(n=15),生理(n=1),身体成分(n=11),并收集负荷标记(n=14)。此外,参与者被细分为首发者(n=7)和非首发者(n=7).结果:在任何检查变量中,起动器和非起动器之间均未发现差异。此外,在培训干预之后,发现总体水/无脂质量比的值明显较低(p=0.043;ES=0.582)。此外,在负荷和身体/生理标记(n=28);负荷和身体成分标记(n=6);身体/生理和身体成分标记(n=34);以及身体和生理标记(n=42)之间检测到了几种相关性。结论:总之,仅观察到起动机比非起动机更高的负荷值的轻微趋势。此外,身体上没有差异,生理,在初学者和非初学者之间发现了身体成分标记,可能表明五周不足以改善这些变量。最后,本研究结果提供了新颖的信息,评估了季前对葡萄牙优秀女子足球运动员的影响,并有助于更好地了解不同类型的测量之间的关联。
    Background and Objectives: Research on female soccer players that analyzes playing status is scarce and has previously only examined load monitoring, while other markers, such as physical (i.e., strength, power, and agility), physiological (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake), and body composition (i.e., body fat mass, fat-free mass, body water, and phase angle) markers, warrant further investigation. Thus, the study aims were to (a) compare physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers between starters and non-starters; (b) compare measurements pre- and post-training intervention (five weeks); and (c) analyze any relationships between physical, physiological, body composition, and load markers in an elite female soccer team. Materials and Methods: Fourteen first-team players participated in the study (age 23.29 ± 3.19 years, weight 59.14 ± 6.87 kg, height 1.66 ± 0.08 m). Several physical (n = 15), physiological (n = 1), body composition (n = 11), and load markers (n = 14) were collected. In addition, participants were sub-divided into starters (n = 7) and non-starters (n = 7). Results: No differences were revealed between starters and non-starters in any of the examined variables. Moreover, following the training intervention, a significantly lower value was found for total body water/fat-free mass ratio (p = 0.043; ES = 0.582). In addition, there were several correlations detected between load and physical/physiological markers (n = 28); load and body composition markers (n = 6); physical/physiological and body composition markers (n = 34); and physical and physiological markers (n = 42). Conclusions: In conclusion, only a slight tendency of higher load values for starters than non-starters was observed. In addition, no differences in physical, physiological, and body composition markers were found between starters and non-starters, possibly suggesting that five weeks were not enough to improve such variables. Finally, the present results provide novel information assessing the effects of the pre-season in elite female Portuguese soccer players and contribute to a better understanding of the associations between different types of measurements.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    背景:股骨髋臼撞击是腹股沟疼痛的可能原因之一,并可能导致足球运动员长时间缺席。在凸轮冲击中,腿在脚踢时的末端位置使髋臼和股骨头之间特别容易发生错误接触。研究表明,在存在凸轮撞击的情况下,骨盆在矢状平面中的静止位置可能在运动的生物力学中起重要作用。方法:一名19岁的男性竞技足球运动员在低运动负荷期间抱怨腹股沟突然疼痛。生物力学测试(3D姿势和等距力量分析)表明,不平衡的个人力量训练导致骨盆前倾增加。同时,在放射学上证实了凸轮撞击,这显然是导致症状突然发作的原因。运动员的踢腿技术显示髋关节和躯干屈曲增加,这也表明肌肉失衡。每周三次有针对性的力量和伸展运动在减少前倾方面改善了骨盆位置。同时,病人进行了力量练习以提高他的踢腿技术。结果:8周后,可以验证他的骨盆位置和整体姿势的改善以及肌肉力量的增加。同时,这位运动员又没有抱怨了。结论:当足球运动员发生凸轮撞击时腹股沟疼痛,应特别注意骨盆在矢状面的静止位置。纠正增加的骨盆前倾可以防止在强烈的髋关节屈曲和内收的脚踢过程中髋臼和股骨头发生不利的末级碰撞。应始终牢记由于年轻运动员进行的不利个人力量训练而引起的骨盆位置的可能变化。
    Background: Femoroacetabular impingement is one possible cause for groin pain and can lead to long periods of absence for football players. In cam impingement, the end-grade position of the leg at kicking makes the hip particularly prone to faulty contact between the acetabulum and the femoral head. Studies suggest that the resting position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane may have an important role in the biomechanics of movement in the presence of cam impingement. Methods: A 19-year-old male competitive footballer complained of sudden groin pain during a period of low athletic load. Biomechanical tests (3D posture and isometric strength analyses) showed that unbalanced individual strength training had resulted in an increased forward tilt of the pelvis. At the same time, cam impingement was confirmed radiologically, which obviously contributed to the sudden onset of the symptoms. The kicking technique of the athlete showed increased hip and trunk flexion, which also indicated a muscular imbalance. Targeted strength and stretching exercises three times a week improved the pelvic position in terms of reduced anteversion. At the same time, the patient performed strength exercises to improve his kicking technique. Results: After 8 weeks, improvements in his pelvic position and global posture and increased muscle strength could be verified. At the same time, the athlete was free of complaints again. Conclusions: When groin pain occurs in football players with cam impingement, special attention should be paid to the resting position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane. Correcting increased pelvic anteversion can prevent unfavourable end-grade collisions of the acetabulum and femoral head during kicking with strong hip flexion and adduction. Possible changes in the pelvic position due to adverse individual strength training performed by young athletes should always be kept in mind.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    这项研究的目的是使用本地定位系统(LPS)来分析西班牙五人制足球杯正式比赛的上半场和下半场职业五人制足球裁判的最坏情况,以监测他们的运动模式。八名专业五人制足球裁判员(40±3.43岁;1.80±0.03m;72.84±4.01kg)参加了这项研究。外部载荷(总距离,高速运行的距离和努力,冲刺距离和努力,以及加速和减速距离)使用LPS监测并收集裁判。结果显示,根据分析的时间窗口,五人制足球裁判在比赛期间的最坏情况存在显着差异(p<0.05)。最长的时间窗口(120秒,180s,和300s)在最坏情况下显示出较低的相对总距离(p<0.05)。在120s(2.65m·min-1;ES:1.25)的上半年,高速行驶距离显着增加,180s(+1.55m·min-1;ES:1.28),和300s(0.95m·min-1;ES:1.14)时间窗(p<0.05)。高强度减速距离的前半部分和后半部分之间没有发现差异(p>0.05)。这些结果将有助于裁判在最佳条件下为比赛做好准备,并使训练计划适应最坏的情况。
    The aim of this study is to analyze the worst-case scenarios of professional futsal referees during the first and second half of official matches in the Spanish Futsal Cup using a Local Positioning System (LPS) for monitoring their movement patterns. Eight professional futsal referees (40 ± 3.43 years; 1.80 ± 0.03 m; 72.84 ± 4.01 kg) participated in the study. The external load (total distance, high-speed running distance and efforts, sprint distance and efforts, and accelerations and decelerations distances) of the referees was monitored and collected using an LPS. The results revealed significant differences in the worst-case scenarios of the futsal referees during the match according to the time window analyzed (p < 0.05). The longest time windows (120 s, 180 s, and 300 s) showed lower relative total distances in the worst-case scenarios (p < 0.05). The high-speed running distances were significatively higher in the first half for the 120 s (+2.65 m·min-1; ES: 1.25), 180 s (+1.55 m·min-1; ES: 1.28), and 300 s (+0.95 m·min-1; ES: 1.14) time windows (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the first and second half for the high-intensity deceleration distance (p > 0.05). These results will serve to prepare the referees in the best conditions for the competition and adapt the training plans to the worst-case scenarios.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    背景:胸大肌破裂通常发生在诸如举重和美式足球或橄榄球之类的活动和运动中。这是职业足球运动员中很少报道的现象。手术通常被认为是管理的选择,以使保守管理的破裂能够安全地恢复,通常会导致严重的力量不足。此病例报告重点介绍了职业足球运动员胸大肌破裂的处理。
    方法:一名27岁的职业足球运动员在摔到地板后出现左胸大肌破裂。随后的MRI报告胸大肌肌腱从肱骨的附件缩回5cm。在与整形外科医生协商后,运动员接受了胸大肌大手术修复。手术后,球员在俱乐部理疗师的照顾下接受了康复计划。返回游戏测试包括手持式测力计测试,闭合动力链上肢试验和渐进式跌倒活动。球员在87天后恢复了全面接触训练。
    结论:本案例研究证明了胸大肌破裂后成功重返职业足球,并支持以下观点:这些损伤的手术修复在职业运动员重返运动时产生了有利的结果。
    Pectoralis Major ruptures normally occur in activities and sports such as powerlifting and American football or rugby. It is a rarely reported phenomena in professional footballers. Surgery is normally considered the choice of management to enable a safe return to play with conservatively managed ruptures often resulting in significant strength deficits. This case report highlights the management of a pectoralis major rupture in a professional footballer.
    A 27-year-old professional footballer sustained a left pectoralis major rupture after falling to the floor. A subsequent MRI reported a 5cm retraction of the pectoralis major tendon from its attachment at the humerus. Following a consultation with an orthopaedic surgeon the player underwent a pectoralis major surgical repair. Following surgery, the player underwent a rehabilitation programme under the care of the club physiotherapist. Return to play testing included a handheld dynamometer test, closed kinetic chain upper extremity test and progressive falling activities. The player returned to full contact training after 87 days.
    This case study demonstrates a successful return to professional football following a pectoralis major rupture and supports the notion that surgical repair of these injuries produces a favourable outcome in professional athletes when returning to sport.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本研究根据其预定的个人技术需求,对精英男性橄榄球背部实施了为期18周的个人特定冲刺加速训练干预措施,并评估了这些干预措施的有效性。
    方法:在18周的时间内,对5名精英橄榄球后卫进行了针对个人的干预。干预措施是由个人技术策略和初始加速性能之间的关系,以及他们基于力量的能力。在整个干预期间的多个时间点测量了技术和初始加速性能的个体特异性变化,并与接受正常训练的3名对照参与者进行了比较。
    结果:在干预期间有意针对的技术变量中,在接受个体特异性干预的参与者中观察到中等至非常大(|d|=0.93-3.99)的有意义的变化,但在对照参与者中未观察到.干预参与者全身运动学策略的最终变化与预期变化大致一致。在接受个体特定技术干预的参与者中观察到初始加速性能的中等到非常大(|d|=1.11-2.82)的改善,但在对照参与者或接受个体特定力量干预的参与者中没有。
    结论:与对照组参与者采用的传统“一刀切”方法相比,针对个体的技术干预在处理加速技术和性能方面更有效。这项研究提供了一种小说,为应用从业者提供基于证据的方法,以个性化基于冲刺的实践,以提高加速性能。
    OBJECTIVE: This study implemented 18-week individual-specific sprint acceleration training interventions in elite male rugby backs based on their predetermined individual technical needs and evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions.
    METHODS: Individual-specific interventions were prescribed to 5 elite rugby backs over an 18-week period. Interventions were informed by the relationships between individual technique strategies and initial acceleration performance, and their strength-based capabilities. Individual-specific changes in technique and initial acceleration performance were measured at multiple time points across the intervention period and compared with 3 control participants who underwent their normal training.
    RESULTS: Of the technique variables intentionally targeted during the intervention period, moderate to very large (|d| = 0.93-3.99) meaningful changes were observed in the participants who received an individual-specific intervention but not in control participants. Resultant changes to the intervention participants\' whole-body kinematic strategies were broadly consistent with the intended changes. Moderate to very large (|d| = 1.11-2.82) improvements in initial acceleration performance were observed in participants receiving individual-specific technical interventions but not in the control participants or the participant who received an individual-specific strength intervention.
    CONCLUSIONS: Individual-specific technical interventions were more effective in manipulating aspects of acceleration technique and performance compared with the traditional \"one-size-fits-all\" approach adopted by the control participants. This study provides a novel, evidence-based approach for applied practitioners working to individualize sprint-based practices to enhance acceleration performance.
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