由于气候变化和人类活动,城市地区的洪水山洪日益频繁,对生活产生负面影响,工作,人口的生产和基础设施。当强降雨溢出城市排水限制并且积水导致危险的山洪暴发时,就会发生雨洪。尽管鉴于山洪暴发的迅速形成,很难预测,预警系统(EWS)用于最大程度地减少人员伤亡。我们进行了系统的审查,以定义针对暴雨洪水的EWS的基本结构。审查的结构如下:第一,第2节介绍了在降雨事件中影响洪水泛滥强度的最重要因素。第3节定义了有效EWS涉及的关键要素和参与者。第4节回顾了在全球范围内实施的暴洪洪水的不同EWS体系结构。经确认,所审查的项目没有遵循设计预警系统的准则,忽视了在实施过程中必须考虑的重要方面。因此,该手稿提出了针对暴洪的有效EWS的基本结构,该结构保证了降雨事件期间的预报过程和警报传播。
Pluvial flash floods in urban areas are becoming increasingly frequent due to climate change and human actions, negatively impacting the life, work, production and infrastructure of a population. Pluvial flooding occurs when intense rainfall overflows the limits of urban drainage and water accumulation causes hazardous flash floods. Although flash floods are hard to predict given their rapid formation, Early Warning Systems (EWS) are used to minimize casualties. We performed a systematic
review to define the basic structure of an EWS for rain flash floods. The structure of the
review is as follows: first, Section 2 describes the most important factors that affect the intensity of pluvial flash floods during rainfall events. Section 3 defines the key elements and actors involved in an effective EWS. Section 4 reviews different EWS architectures for pluvial flash floods implemented worldwide. It was identified that the reviewed projects did not follow guidelines to design early warning systems, neglecting important aspects that must be taken into account in their implementation. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a basic structure for an effective EWS for pluvial flash floods that guarantees the forecasting process and alerts dissemination during rainfall events.