跳蚤(昆虫,Siphonaptera)是世界许多地方的鼠疫和鼠斑疹伤寒的重要媒介。目前,世界上大约有2700种跳蚤。最常见的矢量跳蚤Xenopsyllacheopis遍布印度,但是X.astia,和X。巴西在与家鼠如家鼠相关的分布上较少和有限,R.Norvegicus,小家鼠,和Bandicotabengalensis。鼠疫是由细菌病原体鼠疫耶尔森氏菌引起的主要跳蚤传播疾病,通过啮齿动物跳蚤从老鼠传播给人类,X.Cheopis.印度发生了鼠疫大爆发和高死亡率。1966年之后的3个十年间隔,鼠疫病例仅在5个不同州报告的1994年期间发生(古吉拉特邦,马哈拉施特拉邦,卡纳塔克邦,北方邦,在喜马al尔邦(2002年)间隔十年之后,2002年和2004年发生了中央邦和新德里以及随后的鼠疫病例。据报道,丹古德村又爆发了鼠疫,BarkhotTehsil,Uttarkashi区,2004年10月的北阿坎德邦。Ctenocephalides跳蚤在猫和狗中很常见,它们是立克次体细菌的主要载体,比如伤寒立克次体,R.Felis,R.Conorii,和巴顿氏菌。分子和血清学证据也证实了伤寒的存在,印度猫和其他跳蚤中的R.conoriiR.felis和B.henselae病原体。跳蚤叮咬和跳蚤性皮炎在男性和宠物动物中很常见。因为瘟疫的重新出现,有关跳蚤和跳蚤传播疾病的最新信息对于控制印度的跳蚤媒介和跳蚤传播疾病至关重要。因此,这项全面审查更新了印度跳蚤和跳蚤传播疾病的现有信息。
Fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera) are important vectors of plague and murine typhus in many parts of the world. Currently, about 2700 flea species were described in the world. The most common vector flea Xenopsylla cheopis is found throughout India, but X. astia, and X. brasiliensis are found less and limited in distribution associated with the domestic rats such as Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Bandicota bengalensis. Bubonic plague is a major flea-borne disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis, transmitted from rats to humans via the rodent flea, X. cheopis. A major outbreak of plague and high mortality occurred in India. After 1966 with the 3 decadal intervals, plague cases occurred only during the year 1994 reported in 5 different states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and New Delhi and subsequently plague cases occurred during 2002 and 2004 after the one-decade interval in Himachal Pradesh (2002). Another outbreak of bubonic plague was reported in Dangud village, Barkhot tehsil, Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand during October 2004. Ctenocephalides fleas are common in cats and dogs, which are the main vectors of bacteria rickettsiae, such as Rickettsia typhi, R. felis, R. conorii, and Bartonella henselae. Molecular and serological evidence also confirms the presence of R. typhi, R. conorii R. felis and B. henselae pathogens in cats and other fleas in India. Flea bites and flea-borne dermatitis are common in men and pet animals. Because of the re-emergence of the plague, updated information on fleas and flea-borne diseases are essential to control the flea vectors and flea-borne diseases in India. Hence, this comprehensive
review updates the available information on fleas and fleas transmitted diseases in India.