虽然防弹衣背面变形(BFD)造成的伤害尚未在军事伤害创伤登记处得到充分记录,来自美国执法人员的数据,动物试验和目前可用的有关军事战斗人员的数据表明,BFD不仅会造成轻伤,还会造成严重的创伤.然而,受伤的性质和严重程度取决于多种因素,包括弹丸类型,撞击位置和速度,以及所穿防弹衣的具体类型。当前弹道测试测量技术所涉及的困难促使研究人员寻求替代技术来评估防弹衣的防护水平,如有限元(FE)方法。在目前的研究中,使用系统评价和荟萃分析方法的首选报告项目对公开文献进行了系统评价。目的是总结有关FE模型的开发和应用的文献,以研究防弹衣BFD和防弹衣钝伤(BABT)。包括代表弹丸的FE模型,粘土基介质,弹道明胶和人体躯干。使用关键字\'armour背后的*\',“弹道钝器创伤”,\'BABT\',\'背面签名\',\'背面变形\',\'BFS\',\'BFD\',\'伤口弹道\',\'弹道冲击试验\',\'防弹衣\',\'防弹背心\',\'防弹背心\',\'有限元*\'和\'FE\',EBSCOhost的电子数据库搜索,谷歌学者,ProQuest,Scopus,Standards,进行了WebofScience和PubMed,包括同行评审的期刊文章,审查文件,研究报告,会议文件,和硕士学位或博士学位论文。虽然这项研究证明了有限元分析在重建现实的钝器冲击情景和增强当前对BABT机制的理解方面的潜力,大多数研究的一个共同局限性是缺乏验证.因此,为了解决这个问题,建议将FE模型的伤害预测与遭受BABT的士兵的创伤数据相关联。因此,器官内的压力和能量分布可用于解释非穿透性弹道冲击对人体躯干的影响。为了验证有限元模型并增强其在优化防弹衣设计和采用伤害缓解策略方面的效用,弥合仿真与现实数据之间的差距至关重要。
While injuries sustained from body armour backface deformation (BFD) have not been well-documented in military injury trauma registries, data from US law enforcement officers, animal tests and currently available data pertaining to military combatants has shown that BFD can not only cause minor injuries, but also result in serious trauma. However, the nature and severity of injuries sustained depends on a multitude of factors including the projectile type, the impact location and velocity, and the specific type of body armour worn. The difficulties involved in current measurement techniques for ballistic testing has led researchers to seek alternative techniques to evaluate the level of protection from body armour, such as the finite element (FE) method. In the current study, a systematic
review of the open literature was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. The aim was to summarise the literature pertaining to the development and application of FE models to investigate body armour BFD and behind armour blunt trauma (BABT), and included FE models representing the projectile, clay-based mediums, ballistic gelatine and the human torso. Using the keywords \'behind armour*\', \'ballistic blunt trauma\', \'BABT\', \'backface signature\', \'backface deformation\', \'BFS\', \'BFD\', \'wound ballistic\', \'ballistic impact testing\', \'body armour\', \'bullet proof vest\', \'ballistic vest\', \'Finite Element*\' and \'FE\', an electronic database search of EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Scopus, Standards, Web of Science and PubMed was conducted, and included peer-reviewed journal articles,
review papers, research reports, conference papers, and MSc or PhD theses. While this research demonstrates the potential of FE analysis for recreating realistic blunt impact scenarios and enhancing the current understanding of BABT mechanisms, a common limitation in most studies is the lack of validation. Thus, in order to address this issue, it is proposed that injury predictions from FE models be correlated with trauma data from soldiers who have sustained BABT. Consequently, pressure and energy distributions within the organs can be used to interpret the effects of non-penetrating ballistic impacts on the human torso. Bridging the gap between simulation and real-world data is essential in order to validate FE models and enhance their utility in optimising body armour design and employing injury mitigation strategies.