Explosive Agents

炸药
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    爆炸伤害仍然对世界各地的国防和平民构成严重威胁。“原发性”爆炸伤(PBIs)是由冲击波与人体的直接相互作用引起的,特别是影响含空气的器官。为伤害研究定义爆炸载荷条件的工作受到的关注相对较少,尽管持续的实验重点是PBI和理想化的爆炸假设,有意义的测试结果和随后的临床应用,依靠适当的模拟条件。本文严格评估并结合了现有的PBI标准(分为影响听觉系统的标准,肺损伤和脑外伤)作为理想化冲击波参数的函数。对于临床爆炸伤研究人员来说,多伤害标准的分析指出了人体规模测试项目的适当载荷条件的区域,并证明了模拟既现实又与伤害类型相关的爆炸条件的重要性。对于某些爆炸性场景,“相关区域”的空间解释可以通过告知分诊来支持应急响应和危险准备,患者管理和资源分配,从而改善健康结果。这项工作将对临床爆炸伤研究人员有用,参与分诊的防爆工程师和临床从业人员,诊断,和PBIs的治疗。
    Blast injuries remain a serious threat to defence and civilian populations around the world. \'Primary\' blast injuries (PBIs) are caused by direct blast wave interaction with the human body, particularly affecting air-containing organs. Work to define blast loading conditions for injury research has received relatively little attention, though with a continued experimental focus on PBIs and idealised explosion assumptions, meaningful test outcomes and subsequent clinical applications, rely on appropriate simulated conditions. This paper critically evaluates and combines existing PBI criteria (grouped into those affecting the auditory system, pulmonary injuries and brain trauma) as a function of idealised blast wave parameters. For clinical blast injury researchers, analysis of the multi-injury criteria indicates zones of appropriate loading conditions for human-scale test items and demonstrates the importance of simulating blast conditions that are both realistic and relevant to the injury type. For certain explosive scenarios, spatial interpretation of the \'zones of relevance\' could support emergency response and hazard preparedness by informing triage, patient management and resource allocation, thus leading to improved health outcomes. This work will prove useful to clinical blast injury researchers, blast protection engineers and clinical practitioners involved in the triage, diagnosis, and treatment of PBIs.
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