背景:自愿停止饮食作为过早结束生命的一种选择正在受到国际关注,卫生保健专业人员越来越多地面临着通过个人自愿停止饮食而死亡的愿望。到目前为止,瑞士没有指导专业支持的指导方针,感兴趣的是专业人士和其他相关人员如何应对这种情况。这项定性研究的目的是探索瑞士的医疗保健专业人员在自愿停止饮食期间如何陪伴个人,并分析这一决策过程。
方法:Charmaz的扎根理论建构主义方法论使用了系统,以实用主义哲学视角为基础的理论驱动数据分析。数据收集于2016年秋季,作为自愿停止饮食的区域姑息治疗会议的一部分。专家会议的所有参与者(N=50,包括护士,辅导员,伦理学家,医生,政客们,志愿者,和亲戚)被邀请参加焦点小组采访,其中N=47参加。我们进行了五次焦点小组访谈,每次持续一个小时。
结果:结果显示,那些愿意在自愿停止进食和饮水期间死亡的人的陪伴,要么彼此讨论和清除,要么是默默无言的陪伴。
结论:必须注意参与者对更多知识的要求,在自愿停止饮食支持的情况下,还需要系统的指导,以及需要考虑的事项。
BACKGROUND: Voluntary stopping of eating and drinking as an option to end life prematurely is gaining international attention, and health care professionals are increasingly confronted with the wish to die through voluntary stopping of eating and drinking by individuals. While to date, there are no guidelines in Switzerland to orient professional support, it is of interest how professionals and other people involved react to the situation. The aim of this qualitative
study was to explore how health care professionals in Switzerland accompany individuals during voluntary stopping of eating and drinking and to analyze this decision-making process.
METHODS: Charmaz\'s grounded theory constructivist methodology uses guidelines for systematic, theory-driven data analysis underpinned by a pragmatic philosophical perspective. Data were collected in autumn 2016 as part of a regional palliative care conference on voluntary stopping of eating and drinking. All participants of the expert meeting (N = 50, including nurses, counsellors,
ethicists, medical doctors, politicians, volunteers, and relatives) were invited to the focus group interviews, of which N = 47 participated. We conducted five focus group interviews, each lasting one hour.
RESULTS: The results showed that the accompaniment of those willing to die during voluntary stopping of eating and drinking was either discussed and cleared with one another or was unspoken and silently accompanied.
CONCLUSIONS: The demands of participants for more knowledge must be heeded, and there is also a need for systematic instructions on how to proceed in the case of voluntary stopping of eating and drinking support and what needs to be considered.