目标:Kratom(MitragynaspeciosaKorth。)尽管具有令人上瘾的潜力,但仍在全球范围内广泛使用。尽管精神兴奋剂的使用与内质网(ER)应激的发生有关,缺乏关于常规使用kratom如何影响ER压力的数据。这项病例对照研究首先确定了ER应激传感器蛋白表达的差异(BiP,sXBP1,ATF4,CHOP,JNK,和p-JNK)在常规kratom用户和健康对照之间。第二,它评估了kratom使用特征之间的关联,靶向ER应激传感器蛋白表达,和“kratom使用障碍”在常规kratom用户中诊断为精神疾病诊断和统计手册第5版(DSM-5)。
方法:总共,招募了60名常规kratom使用者和50名健康对照组参与者,并进行了社会人口统计学和临床特征问卷。虽然使用kratom的参与者也接受了kratom使用特征问卷。收集所有参与者的血样,通过蛋白质印迹分析确定靶向ER应激传感器蛋白的表达。
结果:这项研究的发现首先表明,与对照组相比,kratom使用者在所有靶向内质网应激传感器中的蛋白质表达明显更高。第二,较高的CHOP蛋白表达(B=5.061,标准误差[SE]=2.547,Wald=3.948,调整后的比值比[AOR]=5.382,95%置信区间[CI]=1.071~9.656,p=0.047)和p-JNK(B=5.795,SE=2.635,Wald=4.544,AOR=17.025,使用katom=1.123Kratom使用特征和其他ER应激传感器蛋白表达与kratom使用障碍无关。
结论:常规使用kratom可能会导致长期的ER应激,导致未折叠蛋白反应失代偿以维持ER稳态。这种影响可能与kratom使用障碍的发生有关。
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is widely use worldwide despite its addictive potential. Although psychostimulant use has been linked to occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, data is lacking on how regular kratom use affects ER stress. This
case-control study first determined differences in ER stress sensor protein expression (BiP, sXBP1, ATF4, CHOP, JNK, and p-JNK) between regular kratom users and healthy controls. Second, it evaluated the association between kratom use characteristics, targeted ER stress sensor protein expression, and \"kratom use disorder\" diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) among regular kratom users.
In total, 60 regular kratom users and 50 healthy control-group participants were recruited and administered a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire. While participants who used kratom were also administered a kratom use characteristics questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants, and targeted ER stress sensor protein expression was determined via Western blot analysis.
The study\'s findings revealed first that kratom users registered significantly higher protein expression in all targeted ER stress sensors compared to the control group. Second, higher protein expression of CHOP (B = 5.061, standard error [SE] = 2.547, Wald = 3.948, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.071 to 9.656, p = 0.047) and p-JNK (B = 5.795, SE = 2.635, Wald = 4.544, AOR = 17.025, 95% CI = 1.395 to 24.123, p = 0.017) increased the odds of kratom use disorder occurrence. Kratom use characteristics and other ER stress sensor protein expression were not associated with kratom use disorder.
Regular kratom use may induce protracted ER stress, leading to the decompensation of the unfolded protein response to maintain ER homeostasis. This effect may be linked to kratom use disorder occurrence.