在过去的十年里,纳米医学领域在创建新型药物递送系统(DDS)方面取得了重大进展。一种有效的策略包括采用DNA纳米颗粒(NPs)作为载体来封装药物,基因,或者蛋白质,促进受管制的药物释放。本摘要研究了DNANP的利用及其在控制药物释放策略中的潜在应用。研究人员利用了DNA分子的独特特征,包括它们自组装的能力和与生物体的相容性,创建专门用于递送药物的NP。与常规药物载体相比,DNANP具有许多益处,例如异常的稳定性,可调整的尺寸和结构,和方便的定制。研究人员通过仔细设计不同治疗剂的结构和组成,成功地实现了不同治疗剂的高效封装。这种进步能够实现药物的精确和靶向递送。合并药物,基因,或蛋白质到DNANP中在增加治疗有效性同时减少不良反应方面提供了显著的优势。DNANP作为封闭有效载荷的保护屏障,防止其退化并延长其在体内的持续时间。保护作用对于精致的生物制品尤其重要,例如蛋白质或基于基因的疗法,否则可能易受酶降解或快速消除的影响。此外,可以改变DNANP的表面,以促进对特定组织或细胞的特异性靶向,从而提高交付的准确性。DNANP的显著益处是它们调节药物释放动力学的能力。通过DNANP结构的操纵,科学家可以调节封闭货物的释放速度,使药物的长期和规范的分配成为可能。这种控制对于具有有限治疗范围的药物或需要不间断给药以获得最佳治疗结果的药物是至关重要的。此外,DNANP具有对外部因素作出反应的能力,包括温度的变化,pH值,或光,它可以在精确的位置或时刻启动有效载荷的释放。该特征增强了药物释放控制的精确性。DNANP在药物控释中的潜在用途是广泛的。NP具有运输各种治疗物质的能力,例如,毒品,肽,NAs(NAs),和蛋白质。它们显示出治疗各种疾病的潜力,包括癌症,遗传性疾病,和传染病。此外,DNANP可用于靶向药物递送,穿越生物屏障,并超越常规给药方法的限制。
In the last ten years, the field of nanomedicine has experienced significant progress in creating novel drug delivery systems (DDSs). An effective strategy involves employing DNA nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers to encapsulate drugs, genes, or proteins, facilitating regulated drug release. This abstract examines the utilization of DNA NPs and their potential applications in strategies for controlled drug release. Researchers have utilized the distinctive characteristics of DNA molecules, including their ability to self-assemble and their compatibility with living organisms, to create NPs specifically for the purpose of delivering drugs. The DNA NPs possess numerous benefits compared to conventional drug carriers, such as exceptional stability, adjustable dimensions and structure, and convenient customization. Researchers have successfully achieved a highly efficient
encapsulation of different therapeutic agents by carefully designing their structure and composition. This advancement enables precise and targeted delivery of drugs. The incorporation of drugs, genes, or proteins into DNA NPs provides notable advantages in terms of augmenting therapeutic effectiveness while reducing adverse effects. DNA NPs serve as a protective barrier for the enclosed payloads, preventing their degradation and extending their duration in the body. The protective effect is especially vital for delicate biologics, such as proteins or gene-based therapies that could otherwise be vulnerable to enzymatic degradation or quick elimination. Moreover, the surface of DNA NPs can be altered to facilitate specific targeting towards particular tissues or cells, thereby augmenting the accuracy of delivery. A significant benefit of DNA NPs is their capacity to regulate the kinetics of drug release. Through the manipulation of the DNA NPs structure, scientists can regulate the rate at which the enclosed cargo is released, enabling a prolonged and regulated dispensation of medication. This control is crucial for medications with limited therapeutic ranges or those necessitating uninterrupted administration to attain optimal therapeutic results. In addition, DNA NPs have the ability to react to external factors, including alterations in temperature, pH, or light, which can initiate the release of the payload at precise locations or moments. This feature enhances the precision of drug release control. The potential uses of DNA NPs in the controlled release of medicines are extensive. The NPs have the ability to transport various therapeutic substances, for example, drugs, peptides, NAs (NAs), and proteins. They exhibit potential for the therapeutic management of diverse ailments, including cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases. In addition, DNA NPs can be employed for targeted drug delivery, traversing biological barriers, and surpassing the constraints of conventional drug administration methods.