不断增长的世界人口如何养活自己是至关重要的,超越可持续发展的多维问题。作物生产将受到许多气候变化的影响,农艺,经济,和社会背景。因此,育种者面临的挑战是通过努力实现六个国际可持续发展目标来生产能够增强生态和社会复原力的品种:粮食安全,安全和质量;粮食和种子主权;社会正义;农业生物多样性;生态系统服务;和气候稳健性。在这种背景下,我们通过区分目前共存的四个范式取向来回顾植物育种的最新水平:基于社区的育种,基于生态系统的育种,基于性状的育种,以公司为基础的育种,分析这些方向之间的差异。我们的主要发现是:(1)所有四个方向都有显著的价值,但没有一个能实现所有六个可持续性目标;(2)因此,需要一种总体方法:“基于系统的育种,“具有协同当前范式取向中思维方式优势的潜力的取向;(3)实现这一点需要特定的知识发展和整合,多种合适的育种策略和工具,和企业家精神,也是基于企业责任的态度改变,循环经济和真实成本会计,公平和绿色政策。我们得出的结论是,基于系统的育种可以在所有系统组件之间建立强大的相互作用。虽然种子是共同利益的一部分,也是农业生物多样性的基础,育种方法的多样性,基于不同的创业方法,也可以被认为是所需的农业生物多样性的一部分。为了使基于系统的育种在创造可持续农业方面发挥重要作用,需要一种共同的紧迫感来实现育种方法的必要变化,机构,法规和协议。基于这种基于系统的育种概念,育种者有机会在发展生态和社会弹性方面发挥积极作用,可持续农业。
How the growing world population can feed itself is a crucial, multi-dimensional problem that goes beyond sustainable development. Crop production will be affected by many changes in its climatic, agronomic, economic, and societal contexts. Therefore, breeders are challenged to produce cultivars that strengthen both ecological and societal resilience by striving for six international sustainability targets: food security, safety and quality; food and seed sovereignty; social justice; agrobiodiversity; ecosystem services; and climate robustness. Against this background, we
review the state of the art in plant breeding by distinguishing four paradigmatic orientations that currently co-exist: community-based breeding, ecosystem-based breeding, trait-based breeding, and corporate-based breeding, analyzing differences among these orientations. Our main findings are: (1) all four orientations have significant value but none alone will achieve all six sustainability targets; (2) therefore, an overarching approach is needed: \"systems-based breeding,\" an orientation with the potential to synergize the strengths of the ways of thinking in the current paradigmatic orientations; (3) achieving that requires specific knowledge development and integration, a multitude of suitable breeding strategies and tools, and entrepreneurship, but also a change in attitude based on corporate responsibility, circular economy and true-cost accounting, and fair and green policies. We conclude that systems-based breeding can create strong interactions between all system components. While seeds are part of the common good and the basis of agrobiodiversity, a diversity in breeding approaches, based on different entrepreneurial approaches, can also be considered part of the required agrobiodiversity. To enable systems-based breeding to play a major role in creating sustainable agriculture, a shared sense of urgency is needed to realize the required changes in breeding approaches, institutions, regulations and protocols. Based on this concept of systems-based breeding, there are opportunities for breeders to play an active role in the development of an ecologically and societally resilient, sustainable agriculture.