自从致命病毒SARS-CoV-2在2019年底传播以来,研究人员一直在不安地试图揭示病毒如何进入宿主细胞。病毒与宿主细胞之间相互作用的每一侧的一些蛋白质都参与了这一过程的主要贡献者:(1)代表病毒的纳米机器刺突蛋白,(2)血管紧张素转换酶II,单羧肽酶和肾素血管紧张素系统的关键成分代表宿主细胞,(3)SARS-CoV-2利用的一些宿主蛋白酶和蛋白质。在这次审查中,SARS-CoV-2进入宿主细胞的复杂过程以及所涉及宿主蛋白的贡献,以及刺突蛋白的序贯构象变化倾向于增加后者与血管紧张素转化酶II复合的可能性,宿主细胞上的病毒受体,正在讨论。此外,考虑了血管紧张素转化酶II的催化胞外域作为其在细胞外空间中的可溶形式的释放及其对病毒感染性的正面或负面影响。
Since the spread of the deadly virus SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, researchers have restlessly sought to unravel how the virus enters the host cells. Some proteins on each side of the interaction between the virus and the host cells are involved as the major contributors to this process: (1) the nano-machine spike protein on behalf of the virus, (2) angiotensin converting enzyme II, the mono-carboxypeptidase and the key component of renin angiotensin system on behalf of the host cell, (3) some host proteases and proteins exploited by SARS-CoV-2. In this
review, the complex process of SARS-CoV-2 entrance into the host cells with the contribution of the involved host proteins as well as the sequential conformational changes in the spike protein tending to increase the probability of complexification of the latter with angiotensin converting enzyme II, the receptor of the virus on the host cells, are discussed. Moreover, the release of the catalytic ectodomain of angiotensin converting enzyme II as its soluble form in the extracellular space and its positive or negative impact on the infectivity of the virus are considered.