This work presents a methodology for the optimal reconfiguration of a distribution network in the presence of a failure, through a multicriteria optimization algorithm. For this purpose, the optimal network reconfiguration alternative is verified in the IEEE 33 bus test system and 123 bus test system. The variables analyzed within the multicriteria decision matrix include the total interruption time per nominal kVA installed (TITK), mean frequency of interruption per nominal kVA installed (MFIK), reset time for reconfiguration, energy not supplied, total losses in the lines of the system and operation and maintenance costs. The result enables selecting the best scenario based on analyzing every decision criterion; the multicriteria decision algorithm is developed in the Matlab environment. Subsequently, the winning reconfiguration alternatives are validated through simulations in Cymdist for different failure scenarios. In the analysis of results, metrics are presented that enable us to observe a significant improvement in the typical problems that occur in an electric system.

The objective of this study was to evaluate metal contamination of tap water in seven public buildings in Brescia (Italy). Two monitoring periods were performed using three different sampling methods (overnight stagnation, 30-min stagnation, and random daytime). The results show that the water parameters exceeding the international standards (Directive 98/83/EC) at the tap were lead (max = 363 μg/L), nickel (max = 184 μg/L), zinc (max = 4900 μg/L), and iron (max = 393 μg/L). Compared to the total number of tap water samples analyzed (122), the values higher than limits of Directive 98/83/EC were 17% for lead, 11% for nickel, 14% for zinc, and 7% for iron. Three buildings exceeded iron standard while five buildings exceeded the standard for nickel, lead, and zinc. Moreover, there is no evident correlation between the leaching of contaminants in the domestic distribution system and the age of the pipes while a significant influence is shown by the sampling methods.