BACKGROUND: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is rare and diagnosis is challenging.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients with PTL from 1990 to 2023 to determine method of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.
RESULTS: The study cohort included 31 patients with PTL; all had thyroid enlargement; 21 (68 ​%) had compressive symptoms, 11 (35 ​%) had hypothyroidism and 3 had (10 ​%) B symptoms. Diagnosis was established from incisional biopsy in 8 (26 ​%), needle biopsy in 4 (13 ​%), excisional lymph node biopsy in 1 (3 ​%), and thyroidectomy specimens in 18 (58 ​%). 15 (48 ​%) patients had Hashimoto thyroiditis. Treatment included chemotherapy in 19 (61 ​%); surgery alone in 7 (23 ​%); and radiation alone or with surgery in 5 (16 ​%) patients. One (3 ​%) patient recurred, and 4 (13 ​%) patients died after a median 4.2 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of PTL was made in only 13 ​% of patients preoperatively. There may be opportunity for needle biopsy to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Primary bladder lymphoma is generally regarded as having a favorable prognosis due to the predominance of low-grade lymphomas confined to the bladder. However, our investigation reveals that cases with extravesical extension, predominantly involving diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), exhibit a distinct clinical course with varied prognostic outcomes. Methods: In this report, we present and analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of 47 patients with primary bladder lymphoma with extravesical extension, including the case that we experienced. Results: An 77-year-old man who experienced fever, anorexia, and general malaise was referred to our hospital. Initial laboratory tests indicated severe renal failure, pyuria, and Escherichia coli bacteremia, accompanied by diffuse thickening of the bladder walls and increased attenuation in the surrounding adipose tissues. Initially misdiagnosed with a severe urinary tract infection leading to sepsis, the patient was treated with antibiotics and hemodialysis. Upon readmission due to abdominal pressure, imaging identified an intra-abdominal mass connected to the bladder wall. A bladder biopsy was performed, resulting in the diagnosis of primary bladder DLBCL with perivesical extension, classified as germinal center B-cell type. Taking inspiration from this case, the review of 46 patients was implemented. As a result, we resolved that primary bladder lymphoma often includes indolent types like Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, but cases with extravesical expansion are predominantly DLBCL. Conclusions: This case emphasizes the diagnostic complexities of distinguishing primary bladder lymphoma from urinary tract infections and underscores the prognostic implications of extravesical extension. Our comprehensive review of the literature on primary bladder lymphomas with extravesical involvement highlights the clinical characteristics, therapeutic challenges, and need for heightened diagnostic vigilance and tailored treatment strategies for this subset of patients.

Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), most associated with solid organ malignancies, and less commonly hematological malignancies. We discuss a case of DM associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by a review of literature on the pathogenesis, clinical course, treatment, and prognosis. Various challenges with the diagnosis and management of underlying lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in patients with IIM are discussed. The case demonstrates the importance of being vigilant of the association between IIM and LPD. Cancer screening in patients with IIM is discussed, including the recently published International Guideline for IIM-Associated Cancer Screening. More research is required to address knowledge gaps in cancer screening in IIM.

Primary lacrimal sac lymphoma is a rare condition, often presenting with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Herein, we present a unique case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) involving the lacrimal sac, maxillary sinus, and infraorbital nerve. Prompt diagnosis via biopsy is essential for timely treatment and the prevention of tumor progression. A 66-year-old female presented with intractable epiphora, infraorbital nerve hypesthesia, and medial canthal swelling. Imaging revealed a soft tissue mass in the right maxillary sinus extending into the right inferior orbit and nasal cavity. A biopsy confirmed DLBCL, prompting systemic chemotherapy. Residual disease prompted high-dose involved-site radiation, resulting in tumor regression. To our knowledge, this is the first case of primary DLBCL of the lacrimal sac with concurrent involvement of the maxillary sinus and infraorbital nerve. This case underscores the significance of lacrimal sac biopsy in refractory dacryocystitis or unilateral sinus disease and the effectiveness of multimodal treatment approaches in managing DLBCL.

Most patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are >65 years of age, with the number of patients expected to increase in the coming years. A comprehensive geriatric assessment that carefully evaluates fitness status and comorbidities is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment intensity. Although generally healthy patients or those <80 years of age may benefit from standard immunochemotherapy, unfit/frail patients or patients >80 years old may require reduced-intensity chemotherapy or less-toxic drugs. Some new drugs are currently being tested as single or combined agents for first-line treatment, aiming to improve the outcomes of conventional chemotherapy. This review systematically collates and discusses the outcomes associated with the use of immunochemotherapy in older patients with DLBCL, as well as considering the impact of full-dose immunochemotherapy on quality of life in older and frail patients, summarizing the rationale for reduced dosing in the older population, and presenting recommendations for selecting patients likely to benefit from reduced dosing. If preliminary efficacy and safety data are confirmed in future clinical trials, non-chemotherapy-based immunotherapy approaches could become an alternative potentially curative option in frail patients and those >80 years of age with DLBCL.

Herein, we report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that occurred concurrently in the large intestine. An 84-year-old female presented with a palpable rectal tumor and ileocecal tumor observed on imaging analyses. Endoscopic biopsy of both lesions revealed lymphomatous round cells. Hartmann\'s operation and ileocecal resection were performed for regional control. The ileocecal lesion consisted of a proliferation of CD20/CD79a-positive lymphoid cells, indicative of DLBCL. In contrast, the rectal tumor showed proliferation of atypical cells with pleomorphic nuclei and abundant amphophilic cytoplasm, with immunohistochemical findings of CD38/CD79a/MUM1/MYC (+) and CD20/CD3/CD138/PAX5 (-). Tumor cells were positive for Epstein-Barr virus- encoded RNA based on in situ hybridization and MYC rearrangement in fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. These findings indicated the rectal tumor was most likely a PBL. Sequencing analysis for immunoglobulin heavy variable genes indicated a common B-cell origin of the two sets of lymphoma cells. This case report and literature review provide new insights into PBL tumorigenesis.

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare type of thyroid cancer, comprising less than 5% of all thyroid cancer cases. PTL includes subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT). The connection between PTL and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid, particularly Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis, has gained recognition in recent years. Studies have indicated an increased incidence of PTL among individuals with Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis. However, effectively recognizing and managing PTL in the context of autoimmune thyroid diseases remains challenging. Further research and clinical experience are needed to develop comprehensive strategies for early detection and optimal management of this complex condition. In a case involving an 88-year-old female diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, she presented with a complaint of persistent neck swelling for five years. The patient also experienced symptoms such as dysphagia, hoarseness of voice, obstructive sleep apnea, and choking attacks. Surgical resection of the neck swelling was successfully performed, and the patient was referred to the oncology department for further treatment. Thyroid B-cell lymphoma is an exceedingly rare form of thyroid cancer, typically identified in individuals who have a history of Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis. The prognosis for thyroid B-cell lymphoma is generally unfavorable, and surgical intervention remains the primary treatment approach for such cases.

暂无摘要。