背景:2000年,葡萄牙少数民族社会主义政府将拥有和消费毒品合法化。这项法律使葡萄牙的独特之处在于拥有一个正式的系统,该系统将使用药物的人带到卫生部职权范围内的小组,与司法部相反,因此构成了“原始创新”。在这篇文章中,我们问在什么条件下进行并成功实施这种改革。
目的:在讨论了现有文献的局限性之后,我们提出了一个新的理论框架:“六星”框架。我们认为,民主国家的成功政策创新只有在六个机构和个人“明星”对齐时才能发生并持续:注意力,创新的动力,一个新的解决方案,政治策略,决策过程的质量和合法性,以及全面实施的保证。然后,我们通过理论测试/过程追踪将此框架应用于葡萄牙药物政策案例。依靠对三种不同类型的数据-主要和次要来源的定性分析,主要演员和采访发出的官方文件-我们确定了六位对齐的“明星”的存在。
结论:拟议的“六星”成功的药物政策创新框架表明了选举授权的重要性,通信,inclusion,透明度,在设计创新药物政策时进行审议和评估。它还说明了确保实施代理的支持并快速创建可见,积极的政策反馈。
In 2000, the Portuguese minority socialist government decriminalized the possession and consumption of drugs. This law made Portugal unique in having a formal system that directs the person using drugs to a panel under the purview of the Ministry of Health, as opposed to the Ministry of Justice, and hence constitutes an \'original innovation\'. In this article, we ask under which conditions such kinds of reforms are introduced and successfully implemented.
After discussing the limitations of the existing literature, we present a new theoretical framework: the \'six-stars\' framework. We argue that successful policy innovation in democracies will only occur and persist when six institutional and individual \'stars\' are aligned: attention, motivation to innovate, a new solution, political strategies, quality and legitimacy of the decision-making process and guarantees for full implementation. We then apply this framework to the Portuguese Drug Policy
Case through theory-testing/process-tracing. Relying upon a qualitative analysis of three different types of data-primary and secondary sources, official documents emitted by key actors and interviews-we identify the presence of the six aligned \'stars\'.
The proposed \'six-stars\' framework of successful drug policy innovation shows the importance of electoral mandates, communication, inclusion, transparency, deliberation and evaluation when designing innovative drug policies. It also illustrates the importance of ensuring the support of implementing agents and quickly creating visible, positive policy feedback.