纳米技术用于癌症基因治疗是一个新兴的领域。核酸,多胺类似物和多胺氧化的细胞毒性产物,通过酶催化反应原位产生,可以开发用于基于纳米技术的癌症治疗方法,降低全身毒性并提高治疗效果。基于核酸的基因治疗方法依赖于将DNA/RNA压缩为纳米颗粒,并且多胺类似物是用于将核酸缩合为纳米颗粒的优异试剂。与正常组织相比,肿瘤中的多胺和胺氧化酶含量更高。因此,多胺亚精胺和精胺的代谢,和它们的二胺前体,腐胺,可以作为抗肿瘤治疗的目标,因为这些天然存在的烷基胺对于正常的哺乳动物细胞生长是必需的。通过生物合成之间的协调和高度调节的相互作用,细胞内多胺浓度维持在细胞类型特定的设定点。运输,和分解代谢。特别是,多胺分解代谢涉及含铜的胺氧化酶。几项研究表明,这些酶在动物的发育和疾病相关过程中,通过控制多胺稳态以响应正常的细胞信号,药物治疗,以及环境和/或细胞应激。有毒醛和活性氧(ROS)的产生,特别是H2O2,这些氧化酶表明了胺氧化酶可以用作抗肿瘤药物靶标的机制。牛血清胺氧化酶(BSAO)和多胺的组合可防止肿瘤生长,特别好,如果酶已经与生物相容性水凝胶聚合物缀合。本文描述的发现表明,酶促形成的细胞毒性剂激活应激信号转导途径,导致细胞凋亡。因此,基于定向核酸组装的超顺磁性纳米颗粒或其他先进的纳米系统,多胺诱导的DNA缩合,和牛血清胺氧化酶可能被提议用于利用核酸的未来抗癌治疗,多胺和BSAO。基于BSAO的纳米颗粒可用于产生细胞毒性多胺代谢物。
Nanotechnology for cancer gene therapy is an emerging field. Nucleic acids, polyamine analogues and cytotoxic products of polyamine oxidation, generated in situ by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, can be developed for nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics with reduced systemic toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. Nucleic acid-based gene therapy approaches depend on the compaction of DNA/RNA to nanoparticles and polyamine analogues are excellent agents for the condensation of nucleic acids to nanoparticles. Polyamines and amine oxidases are found in higher levels in tumours compared to that of normal tissues. Therefore, the metabolism of polyamines spermidine and spermine, and their diamine precursor, putrescine, can be targets for antineoplastic therapy since these naturally occurring alkylamines are essential for normal mammalian cell growth. Intracellular polyamine concentrations are maintained at a cell type-specific set point through the coordinated and highly regulated interplay between biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. In particular, polyamine catabolism involves copper-containing amine oxidases. Several studies showed an important role of these enzymes in developmental and disease-related processes in animals through the control of polyamine homeostasis in response to normal cellular signals, drug treatment, and environmental and/or cellular stress. The production of toxic aldehydes and reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 in particular, by these oxidases suggests a mechanism by which amine oxidases can be exploited as antineoplastic drug targets. The combination of bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) and polyamines prevents tumour growth, particularly well if the enzyme has been conjugated with a biocompatible hydrogel polymer. The findings described herein suggest that enzymatically formed cytotoxic agents activate stress signal transduction pathways, leading to apoptotic cell death. Consequently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles or other advanced nanosystem based on directed nucleic acid assemblies, polyamine-induced DNA condensation, and bovine serum amine oxidase may be proposed for futuristic anticancer therapy utilizing nucleic acids, polyamines and BSAO. BSAO based nanoparticles can be employed for the generation of cytotoxic polyamine metabolites.