许多有害的微生物和害虫有能力引起植物感染或损害,主要由有毒的化学试剂控制。这些化合物及其衍生物对栖息地和人类生活也表现出危险的影响。因此,有必要发展小说,更有效和安全的生物防治剂。各种微生物,如病毒,细菌,和真菌具有对抗植物病原体的巨大潜力,因此可以用作生物防治剂而不是有害的化学化合物。将这些天然存在的微生物施用于植物以控制植物病原体。此外,在农业管理中适当地实践它们可能是实现可持续发展方法的一种方式。MBCA遵循各种作用模式并充当诱导子,其中它们诱导信号以激活针对多种病原体的植物防御机制。MBCA控制植物病原体,并通过酶的产生帮助抑制疾病,抗菌化合物,涉及超寄生的拮抗剂活动,诱导抗性,竞争性抑制,等。病原体的有效识别和及时的防御反应是植物诱导抗性的关键因素。这种抗性现象与复杂的级联反应有关,该级联反应涉及防御蛋白的数量增加,水杨酸(SA),或依赖于植物激素的信号通路的诱导。虽然,缺乏关于植物诱导抗性的确切机制的信息,在生理上进行的研究,生化和遗传水平。这些研究试图解释由生物防治剂引发的一系列植物防御反应,这些反应可能会增强植物的防御能力。几种天然和重组微生物可作为生物控制剂商购,主要包括芽孢杆菌菌株。假单胞菌和木霉。然而,全面了解微生物生物防治剂及其在细胞和分子水平上的相互作用将有助于筛选有效和生态友好的生物制剂,从而扩大了MBCA的范围。本文是全面的综述,强调了微生物剂作为激发子在响应多种病原体的植物防御机制的激活和调节中的重要性。
Numerous harmful microorganisms and insect pests have the ability to cause plant infections or damage, which is mostly controlled by toxic chemical agents. These chemical compounds and their derivatives exhibit hazardous effects on habitats and human life too. Hence, there\'s a need to develop novel, more effective and safe bio-control agents. A variety of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi possess a great potential to fight against phytopathogens and thus can be used as bio-control agents instead of harmful chemical compounds. These naturally occurring microorganisms are applied to the plants in order to control phytopathogens. Moreover, practicing them appropriately for agriculture management can be a way towards a sustainable approach. The MBCAs follow various modes of action and act as elicitors where they induce a signal to activate plant defense mechanisms against a variety of pathogens. MBCAs control phytopathogens and help in disease suppression through the production of enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, antagonist activity involving hyper-parasitism, induced resistance, competitive inhibition, etc. Efficient recognition of pathogens and prompt defensive response are key factors of induced resistance in plants. This resistance phenomenon is pertaining to a complex cascade that involves an increased amount of defensive proteins, salicylic acid (SA), or induction of signaling pathways dependent on plant hormones. Although, there\'s a dearth of information about the exact mechanism of plant-induced resistance, the studies conducted at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels. These studies tried to explain a series of plant defensive responses triggered by bio-control agents that may enhance the defensive capacity of plants. Several natural and recombinant microorganisms are commercially available as bio-control agents that mainly include strains of Bacillus, Pseudomonads and Trichoderma. However, the complete understanding of microbial bio-control agents and their interactions at cellular and molecular levels will facilitate the screening of effective and eco-friendly bio-agents, thereby increasing the scope of MBCAs. This article is a comprehensive
review that highlights the importance of microbial agents as elicitors in the activation and regulation of plant defense mechanisms in response to a variety of pathogens.