OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) combined with non-toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation versus Toric IOL (TIOL) implantation in correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients.
METHODS: Relevant literature was searched in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and SinoMed. Data from the included studies were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the correction performance of FSAK combined with non-toric IOL implantation and TIOL implantation using postoperative refractive astigmatism, correction index, and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) outcomes. Publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also performed.
RESULTS: Five comparative studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. The TIOL group had smaller postoperative refractive astigmatism and a greater correction index compared to the FSAK group. The mean differences in postoperative refractive astigmatism and correction index between the two groups were - 0.19D (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.26, P < 0.01, I2 = 7%) and - 0.09 (95% CI =  - 0.18 to 0.00, P = 0.04, I2 = 0%), respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in UDVA between the two groups (95% CI =  - 0.01 to 0.11, P = 0.09, I2 = 70%).
CONCLUSIONS: FSAK combined with non-toric IOL implantation was found to be less effective than TIOL implantation in correcting preoperative corneal astigmatism in cataract patients. The difference in the effectiveness of astigmatism correction between the two surgical methods seems to diminish, as the degree of preoperative corneal astigmatism decreases.

Observational studies of cancer screening are subject to bias associated with the self-selection of screening participants for whom the underlying probability of cancer death may be different from those who do not participate. Dibden et al. reviewed data on mortality reduction from 27 observational studies of mammography screening expressed in terms of relative risk for women who were screened versus not screened. Results were given, both unadjusted and after application of a correction for self-selection. The correction was based on a constant (1.17)-the ratio of risks of death in screening non-attenders versus those not invited, derived from a Swedish study. For some of the studies this correction had a large effect in diminishing the measured mortality benefit associated with screening. In particular, application to The Pan-Canadian Study of Mammography Screening, a study whose authors had previously tested for and found no evidence of self-selection bias, caused the estimated benefit to decrease from 40% to 10%. The appropriateness of applying a correction based on a constant to a population whose healthcare environment and screening participation rates are very different from those from which it was derived is questionable.

[This corrects the article on p. 310 in vol. 12, PMID: 32994862.].

The treatment of scoliosis has been explored and debated in medicine since the first recorded texts. Scoliosis treatment has shifted over time from external modalities, such as traction and bracing, to internal stabilization techniques that leverage surgical advances. Surgical fixation constructs can generally be separated into two different modalities: dynamic vs. static constructs. For skeletally immature individuals with progressive deformities, surgical options range from traditional or magnetically controlled growing rods to vertebral body staples or tethering. For individuals who have reached skeletal maturity, many devices have been developed that provide static length constructs. Understanding the surgical options available is critical for the appropriate management of this varied patient population. With this article, we sought to provide a summary of past and present techniques and devices used in the treatment of scoliosis.

This article collected the statistics of Shanghai\'s class II passive medical device registration filing review trial implementation. It summarized and analyzed the common issues in the filing review stage, and gave suggestions for registration applicants and reviewers in order to further improve the quality of application materials and improve the efficiency of review.

UNASSIGNED: dentofacial deformities are mainly congenital problems that distort the face structure. However, they have many adverse effects on adolescents\' quality of life and self-esteem.
UNASSIGNED: We report a case of an 18-year-old female with no family history or previous surgical method. She presented to our hospital with a facial deformity, including a midline shift of 1.5 teeth to the left side and a malalignment of dentation. Orthopantomography (OPG) X-ray and cephalometric X-ray assessed the deformity extent and determined the appropriate surgical procedure. As a result, the patient underwent genioplasty and bimaxillary (BiMax) surgery to correct the problem.
UNASSIGNED: Facial deformities occur during the normal embryonic phase and develop clearly when the patient reaches puberty due to a growth spurt. Some researchers encourage early correction, while others recommend the surgery only after completing the growth. However, the perfect age for this surgery is 19 years old for boys and 17 for girls after the cessation of facial growth. Therefore, our patient underwent surgery at 18 years old, which is the desirable age.
UNASSIGNED: Genioplasty and BiMax are reasonable procedures to treat facial deformities and correct malalignment of dentation in an 18-year-old patient without major complications.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the angle targeted for in varus ankle deformity after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT). The aim of this study was to investigate which obtained correction has the best clinical outcome after valgus SMOT.
METHODS: A systematic review according PRISMA guidelines was conducted with studies being eligible for inclusion when published in English, German or Dutch, patients older than 18 years at study entrance, primary or posttraumatic varus ankle osteoarthritis, using any valgus SMOT technique, describing radiological alignment and clinical outcome at baseline and after at least 12 months follow-up. Risk of bias was assessed using the McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Research Group quality assessment tool. The electronical databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cinahl were used as data sources. Included cohorts were categorized according to the mean obtained medial distal tibia angle (MDTA; ranged between 87° and 100°). A linear mixed effect model was used for individual patient data to assess the association between the MDTA and the (difference in) clinical outcome.
RESULTS: Thirty studies including 33 patient cohorts with 922 ankles were identified. At a mean follow-up of 4 years no differences in clinical outcome between correction categories were found. Individual data of 34 ankles showed no relationship between obtained MDTA and clinical outcome either.
CONCLUSIONS: This review could not demonstrate an optimal degree of correction after valgus SMOT. Results were hampered by biased low quality studies and the widespread use of unreliable 2D alignment measures such as the MDTA.

OBJECTIVE: Ear molding has been used for the treatment of congenital external ear anomalies. The purpose of this study is to systematically review ear molding therapy and perform a meta-analysis to determine its efficacy.
METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The PubMed and Embase databases from January 2009 to April 2021 were searched. Individual studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated noninvasive ear molding for congenital ear anomalies, featured at least 50 ears, and were published in English.
RESULTS: 15 studies (one RCT and 14 clinical series) with a total of 1729 children undergoing molding of 2508 ears were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the eight studies with reported success rates as determined by clinician assessment showed an overall success rate in 87.4% of ears. Meta-analysis of the three studies with reported efficacy as assessed by laypersons showed an overall success rate of 92%. All studies reported a variety of minor skin-related complications in the ear, such as eczema, excoriation, infection, irritation, rash (allergic or nonallergic), and ulceration. Generally, complications were not reported to be serious and were noted to resolve with minimal to no intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: To the authors\' knowledge, this study represents the largest modern systematic review and meta-analysis analyzing the efficacy of ear molding. A review of the 15 studies included suggests that ear molding is an effective and safe treatment for congenital ear anomalies with a high success rate. However, the strength of this body of evidence is reduced by a lack of comparative studies, heterogeneous patient populations, treatment protocols, and ear assessment scales.

[This corrects the article on p. 462 in vol. 13, PMID: 34163567.].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the current evidence surrounding curve type and morphology on curve progression risk in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted by two independent reviewers on PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science to obtain all published information on morphological predictors of AIS progression. Search items included \'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis\', \'progression\', and \'imaging\'. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were carefully defined. Risk of bias of studies was assessed with the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool, and level of evidence for each predictor was rated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. In all, 6,286 publications were identified with 3,598 being subjected to secondary scrutiny. Ultimately, 26 publications (25 datasets) were included in this review.
RESULTS: For unbraced patients, high and moderate evidence was found for Cobb angle and curve type as predictors, respectively. Initial Cobb angle > 25° and thoracic curves were predictive of curve progression. For braced patients, flexibility < 28% and limited in-brace correction were factors predictive of progression with high and moderate evidence, respectively. Thoracic curves, high apical vertebral rotation, large rib vertebra angle difference, small rib vertebra angle on the convex side, and low pelvic tilt had weak evidence as predictors of curve progression.
CONCLUSIONS: For curve progression, strong and consistent evidence is found for Cobb angle, curve type, flexibility, and correction rate. Cobb angle > 25° and flexibility < 28% are found to be important thresholds to guide clinical prognostication. Despite the low evidence, apical vertebral rotation, rib morphology, and pelvic tilt may be promising factors. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(4):424-432.