核黄素是必需辅酶黄素单核苷酸和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸的前体。两者都具有抗氧化性能,并参与氧化还原反应,对能量代谢有重大影响。此外,辅酶参与吡哆醇的代谢,烟酸,叶酸,和铁。人类必须通过日常饮食获得核黄素,因为缺乏从头合成核黄素的程序酶促机制。由于其生理性质和快速消除从人体中过量时,消耗的核黄素不太可能对人类产生任何负面影响或产生毒性。以前已经探索了核黄素在制药和临床环境中的用途,包括预防和治疗氧化应激和再灌注氧化损伤,创造协同化合物来缓解结肠直肠癌,调节血压,改善糖尿病合并症,以及杀死血源性病原体的神经保护剂和有效的光敏剂。因此,本综述的目的是全面了解核黄素在医学中的生物学应用,核黄素安全性和毒性的关键考虑因素,并简要概述了核黄素纳米封装的各种功能,包括治疗一系列疾病,光动力疗法,和细胞成像。
Riboflavin is a precursor of the essential
coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Both possess antioxidant properties and are involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, which have a significant impact on energy metabolism. Also, the
coenzymes participate in metabolism of pyridoxine, niacin, folate, and iron. Humans must obtain riboflavin through their daily diet because of the lack of programmed enzymatic machineries for de novo riboflavin synthesis. Because of its physiological nature and fast elimination from the human body when in excess, riboflavin consumed is unlikely to induce any negative effects or develop toxicity in humans. The use of riboflavin in pharmaceutical and clinical contexts has been previously explored, including for preventing and treating oxidative stress and reperfusion oxidative damage, creating synergistic compounds to mitigate colorectal cancer, modulating blood pressure, improving diabetes mellitus comorbidities, as well as neuroprotective agents and potent photosensitizer in killing bloodborne pathogens. Thus, the goal of this
review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of riboflavin\'s biological applications in medicine, key considerations of riboflavin safety and toxicity, and a brief overview on the nanoencapsulation of riboflavin for various functions including the treatment of a range of diseases, photodynamic therapy, and cellular imaging.