Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America\'s Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in New York Times, Sydney Morning Herald, and Professional Boatbuilder, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen\'s account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson\'s book The Ethics of Technology (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a \"moral map\".

There is little debate about the importance of ethics in health care, and clearly defined rules, regulations, and oaths help ensure patients\' trust in the care they receive. However, standards are not as well established for the data professions within health care, even though the responsibility to treat patients in an ethical way extends to the data collected about them. Increasingly, data scientists, analysts, and engineers are becoming fiduciarily responsible for patient safety, treatment, and outcomes, and will require training and tools to meet this responsibility. We developed a data ethics checklist that enables users to consider the possible ethical issues that arise from the development and use of data products. The combination of ethics training for data professionals, a data ethics checklist as part of project management, and a data ethics committee holds potential for providing a framework to initiate dialogues about data ethics and can serve as an ethical touchstone for rapid use within typical analytic workflows, and we recommend the use of this or equivalent tools in deploying new data products in hospitals.

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UNASSIGNED: Withdrawal of treatment is a common practice in critical care settings, perticularly when treatment is considered futile. The case study demonstrates an ethical dilemma, in which Danny is unlikely to make a functional recovery because of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Under such a circumstance, withdrawal of treatment will inevitably be considered, although his family refused to do so. Consequently, acritical question must be answered: Who should make the decision?
UNASSIGNED: Danny decided to withdraw the use of life-support, whilst his wife and adult children refused to do so. The ethical dilemma is illustrated by the following question: Who decides the withdrawal of treatment in a critical care setting?
UNASSIGNED: To provide an opotional solution to this case and make the best moral decision, the current study will critically discuss this issue in conjunction with ethical principles, philosophical theories and the values statement of the European and Chinese nurses\' codes of ethics. Additionally, the associated literature relative to this case are analysed before the decision-making.
UNASSIGNED: The best ethical decision is Danny can decide whether to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment. If his family is involved in the discussion, the medical staff should balance the ethical principles when they make the decision and allocate reasonable resources for patients.
UNASSIGNED: In Danny\'s case, health professionals opted to respect his decision to withdraw treatment. The medical staff maintained an effective communication with the family involved, and provided the appropriate intervention to collaborate with other health care professionals to perfect further care.

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Health Professionals\' code of ethics and conduct emphasise a duty of confidentiality owed to the patient by their treating health practitioner. While these codes are not laws they are often used in disciplinary tribunal matters in consideration of what is proper professional conduct.

Military physicians are often perceived to be in a position of \'dual loyalty\' because they have responsibilities towards their patients but also towards their employer, the military institution. Further, they have to ascribe to and are bound by two distinct codes of ethics (i.e., medical and military), each with its own set of values and duties, that could at first glance be considered to be very different or even incompatible. How, then, can military physicians reconcile these two codes of ethics and their distinct professional/institutional values, and assume their responsibilities towards both their patients and the military institution? To clarify this situation, and to show how such a reconciliation might be possible, we compared the history and content of two national professional codes of ethics: the Defence Ethics of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Code of Ethics of the Canadian Medical Association. Interestingly, even if the medical code is more focused on duties and responsibility while the military code is more focused on core values and is supported by a comprehensive ethical training program, they also have many elements in common. Further, both are based on the same core values of loyalty and integrity, and they are broad in scope but are relatively flexible in application. While there are still important sources of tension between and limits within these two codes of ethics, there are fewer differences than may appear at first glance because the core values and principles of military and medical ethics are not so different.

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