OBJECTIVE: The distribution characteristics of intrathecal drugs and the limitation of current catheterization techniques make traditional intrathecal analgesic treatment nearly useless for refractory craniofacial pain, such as trigemina neuralgia. This technical guideline aims to promote the widespread and standardize the application of intra-prepontine cisternal drug delivery via spinal puncture and catheterization.
METHODS: A modified Delphi approach was used to work for this guideline. On the issues related to the intra-prepontine cisternal targeted drug delivery technique, the working group consulted 10 experts from the field with 3 rounds of email feedback and 3 rounds of conference discussion.
RESULTS: For the efficacy and safety of the intra-prepontine cisternal targeted drug delivery technique, a consensus was formed on 7 topics (with an agreement rate of more than 80%), including the principles of the technique, indications and contraindications, patient preparation, surgical specifications for intra-prepontine cisternal catheter placement, analgesic dosage coordination, analgesic management, and prevention and treatment of complications.
CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing the intra-prepontine cisternal drug infusion system to manage refractory craniofacial pain could provide advantages in terms of minimally invasive, secure, and effective treatment. This application can not only alleviate the suffering of individuals experiencing the prolonged pain but also support the maintenance of quality of life and dignity in their final moments, justifiing its widespread dissemination and standardized adoption in domestic and international professional fields.
目的: 鞘内镇痛药物的分布特点和目前置管技术的限制使传统的鞘内镇痛方法对头面部难治性疼痛无法发挥作用。本技术应用指南的制订旨在促进经脊柱椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔脑桥前池置管药物输注技术的推广和规范、安全应用。方法: 工作小组采用改良德尔菲法，邀请本技术领域的10名专家对脑桥前池药物输注技术的相关议题进行3轮电子邮件函询及3轮现场会议讨论。结果: 针对脑桥前池药物输注技术的有效性和安全性，在技术原理、适应证和禁忌证、患者准备、脑桥前池置管手术规范、镇痛药物选择和剂量衔接、术后镇痛管理和并发症防治共7个议题形成一致意见(同意率≥80%)。结论: 脑桥前池药物输注镇痛技术应用于头面部难治性疼痛患者具有微创、安全、有效的优点，既可减轻长期罹受疼痛患者的痛苦，也能帮助一些患者保持人生最后一程的生活质量和生命尊严，值得在国内外相关专业领域推广和规范应用。.

OBJECTIVE: Single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) offer a diagnostic and therapeutic alternative with an improved optical resolution over conventional techniques; however, there are no standardized clinical practice guidelines for this technology. This evidence-based guideline from the Colombian Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACED) intends to support patients, clinicians, and others in decisions about using in adults the SOC compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), to diagnose indeterminate biliary stricture and to manage difficult biliary stones.
METHODS: ACED created a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. Universidad de los Andes and the Colombia Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Network supported the guideline-development process, updating and performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The GRADE approach was used, including GRADE Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
RESULTS: The panel agreed on one recommendation for adult patients with indeterminate biliary strictures and one for adult patients with difficult biliary stones when comparing SOC versus ERCP.
CONCLUSIONS: For adult patients with indeterminate biliary strictures, the panel made a conditional recommendation for SOC with stricture pattern characterization over ERCP with brushing and/or biopsy for sensitivity, specificity, and procedure success rate outcomes. For the adult patients with difficult biliary stones the panel made conditional recommendation for SOC over ERCP with large-balloon dilation of papilla. Additional research is required on economic estimations of SOC and knowledge translation evaluations to implement SOC intervention in local contexts.

Minimally invasive surgery has been used for both de novo insertion and salvage of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters. Advanced laparoscopic, basic laparoscopic, open, and image-guided techniques have evolved as the most popular techniques. The aim of this guideline was to develop evidence-based guidelines that support surgeons, patients, and other physicians in decisions on minimally invasive peritoneal dialysis access and the salvage of malfunctioning catheters in both adults and children.
A guidelines committee panel of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons reviewed the literature since the prior guideline was published in 2014 and developed seven key questions in adults and four in children. After a systematic review of the literature, by the panel, evidence-based recommendations were formulated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Recommendations for future research were also proposed.
After systematic review, data extraction, and evidence to decision meetings, the panel agreed on twelve recommendations for the peri-operative performance of laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis access surgery and management of catheter dysfunction.
In the adult population, conditional recommendations were made in favor of: staged hernia repair followed by PD catheter insertion over simultaneous and traditional start over urgent start of PD when medically possible. Furthermore, the panel suggested advanced laparoscopic insertion techniques rather than basic laparoscopic techniques or open insertion. Conditional recommendations were made for either advanced laparoscopic or image-guided percutaneous insertion and for either nonoperative or operative salvage. A recommendation could not be made regarding concomitant clean-contaminated surgery in adults. In the pediatric population, conditional recommendations were made for either traditional or urgent start of PD, concomitant clean or clean-contaminated surgery and PD catheter placement rather than staged, and advanced laparoscopic placement rather than basic or open insertion.

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

Although estimation of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) using an integrated echocardiographic algorithm is recommended, the usefulness of this algorithm has not been fully validated.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of an algorithmic classification system using invasively measured left atrial pressure (LAP) in a large-scale cohort.
The authors enrolled 1,967 patients (age 68 ± 10 years) whose LAP was directly measured within the left atrium during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on the echocardiographic algorithm: normal (group N, n = 1,282), undetermined (group U, n = 160), and elevated (group E, n = 346) LAP groups. Invasively measured LAP and echocardiographic parameters estimating LVFP were compared among the groups.
The median LAP was 12.6 ± 5.7 mm Hg in the entire cohort. LAP was significantly higher in group E than that in the other groups (groups E vs U vs N, 14.2 ± 6.3 mm Hg vs 13.5 ± 5.9 mm Hg vs 12.0 ± 5.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Among group E patients, 43.1% had elevated LAP (≥15 mm Hg), whereas 56.9% had normal LAP (<15 mm Hg). Of the patients in group N, 69.0% had normal LAP, whereas 31% had elevated LAP. Although the correlation between invasively measured LAP and E/e\', peak tricuspid regurgitant velocity, and left atrial volume index was modest, the number of abnormal values correlated significantly with elevated LAP (P < 0.001).
The classification using combined echocardiographic parameters in the recommendations may be useful for detecting patients with normal LVFP but may be limited for detecting elevated LVFP.

Contrary to many international settings, there are no clinical guidelines for peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion and maintenance in Portugal. We sought to derive an international consensus on a PIVC bundle that could guide Portuguese nurses\' clinical decision-making in this scope.
METHODS: Two international vascular access specialist groups participated in an online Delphi panel. During the first round, specialists (n = 7) were sent a summary report from a previous observational study conducted in a surgical ward in Portugal. Based on the report findings, specialists were asked to provide five to eight PIVC insertion and maintenance interventions. Then, another set of specialists (n = 7) scored and revised the recommendations until a consensus was reached (≥70% agreement). The PIVC bundle was made available and discussed with the surgical ward\'s nurses.
RESULTS: After three rounds, a consensus was achieved for five evidence-informed interventions: (i) involve the person and assess the peripheral venous network; (ii) maintain an aseptic no-touch technique; (iii) ensure proper catheter dressing and fixation; (iv) perform catheter flush & lock; (v) test the peripheral venous catheter\'s functionality and performance at each shift.
CONCLUSIONS: The final version of the PIVC bundle achieved consensus among international experts. Despite the positive feedback provided by the ward nurses, future studies are warranted to assess its effectiveness in standardizing PIVC care delivery and its potential implications for care outcomes in Portuguese clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has emerged as a promising resuscitation strategy for select patients suffering from refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), though limited data exist regarding the best practices for ECPR initiation after OHCA.
METHODS: We utilized a modified Delphi process consisting of two survey rounds and a virtual consensus meeting to systematically identify detailed best practices for ECPR initiation following adult non-traumatic OHCA. A modified Delphi process builds content validity and is an accepted method to develop consensus by eliciting expert opinions through multiple rounds of questionnaires. Consensus was achieved when items reached a high level of agreement, defined as greater than 80% responses for a particular item rated a 4 or 5 on a 5-point Likert scale.
RESULTS: Snowball sampling generated a panel of 14 content experts, composed of physicians from four continents and five primary specialties. Seven existing institutional protocols for ECPR cannulation following OHCA were identified and merged into a single comprehensive list of 207 items. The panel reached consensus on 101 items meeting final criteria for inclusion: Prior to Patient Arrival (13 items), Inclusion Criteria (8), Exclusion Criteria (7), Patient Arrival (8), ECPR Cannulation (21), Go On Pump (18), and Post-Cannulation (26).
CONCLUSIONS: We present a list of items for ECPR initiation following adult nontraumatic OHCA, generated using a modified Delphi process from an international panel of content experts. These findings may benefit centers currently performing ECPR in quality assurance and serve as a template for new ECPR programs.

Deep vein catheterization is an important method to prevent and treat burn shock in severe burn patients, monitor hemodynamic changes and provide venous nutritional support. Although deep vein catheterization has been applied widely, there is no standard operation and management process. In order to guide the operation and management of deep vein catheterization in severe burn patients in a more scientific and standard manner, the consensus writing group organized domestic experts in burn field, most of whom are members of the 10th Committee of Chinese Burn Association to discuss and reach a consensus mainly in selection of deep vein catheter and the catheterization site, the method of catheterization operation, catheter maintenance, and prevention and treatment of catheter-related complications. This consensus aims to provide practical basis and guidance for the operation and management of deep vein catheterization in severe burn patients.
严重烧伤患者深静脉置管是预防烧伤休克、监测血流动力学变化和进行静脉营养支持的重要途径和手段。虽然深静脉置管已经被广泛应用，但目前尚无标准和规范化的操作和管理流程。为更科学、规范地指导严重烧伤患者深静脉置管的操作和管理，本共识编写组组织以中华医学会烧伤外科学分会第十届委员为主的国内烧伤界专家，主要从深静脉导管类型及置管部位的选择、置管操作方法、导管维护、导管相关性并发症的预防和处理等方面进行讨论，形成本共识，以期为严重烧伤患者深静脉置管的操作和管理提供实践依据和指导。.

This consensus paper summarizes the expert consensus and recommendations of the working group \"Heart and Kidney\" of the German Cardiac Society (DGK) and the German Society of Nephrology (DGfN) on contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury. Potentially nephrotoxic contrast agents containing iodine are frequently used in interventional medicine and for computer tomography diagnostics. Acute kidney injury occurs in approximately 8-17% of patients exposed to contrast media. The risk factors and underlying pathophysiology are discussed and recommendations for the prophylaxis and treatment of contrast medium-induced acute nephropathy are presented.
UNASSIGNED: Dieses Konsensuspapier ist eine Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Herz – Niere“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e. V. und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nephrologie e. V. zum Thema kontrastmittelinduzierte akute Nierenschädigung. Potenziell nierenschädigendes jodhaltiges Kontrastmittel wird in der interventionellen Medizin und der Computertomographiediagnostik häufig eingesetzt. Eine akute Nierenschädigung tritt bei etwa 8–17 % der Patienten auf. Es werden Risikofaktoren und die zugrunde liegende Pathogenese diskutiert und Empfehlungen zur Prophylaxe und Therapie kontrastmittelinduzierter akuter Nierenschädigungen vorgestellt.