身体畸形障碍(BDD)的特征是专注于感知到的外观缺陷或其他人无法观察到的缺陷。BDD与痛苦和功能受损有关。精神病合并症,包括抑郁症,社交焦虑,强迫症和强迫症是常见的影响治疗方法。治疗应该包括心理教育,特别是解决与整容手术相关的危险,并且可能需要高剂量的选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂*(SSRI*)和延长的时间来建立充分的益处。如果对SSRI的反应不充分,可以使用各种辅助药物,包括非典型抗精神病药*,抗焦虑药*,和抗惊厥药物左乙拉西坦*。然而,目前缺乏大规模随机对照试验,BDD不是这些药物的批准适应症.催产素*可能在治疗BDD中具有潜在作用,但这需要进一步探索。认知行为疗法对BDD的疗效有很好的证据,在线和电话辅助治疗形式显示出希望。BDD的CBT应定制以解决镜像使用等问题,凝视的扰动,和对他人情绪的误解,以及关于他人如何看待个人的高估想法。
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived appearance flaw or flaws that are not observable to others. BDD is associated with distress and impairment of functioning. Psychiatric comorbidities, including depression, social anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are common and impact treatment. Treatment should encompass psychoeducation, particularly addressing the dangers associated with cosmetic procedures, and may require high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors* (SSRI*) and protracted periods to establish full benefit. If there is an inadequate response to SSRIs, various adjunctive medications can be employed including atypical antipsychotics*, anxiolytics*, and the anticonvulsant levetiracetam*. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking and BDD is not an approved indication for these medications. Oxytocin* may have a potential role in treating BDD, but this requires further exploration. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has good evidence for efficacy for BDD, and on-line and telephone-assisted forms of therapy are showing promise. CBT for BDD should be customized to address such issues as mirror use, perturbations of gaze, and misinterpretation of others\' emotions, as well as overvalued ideas about how others view the individual.