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Chronic venous ulcers, often complicated by late diagnosis and persistent infections, present major clinical and financial challenges. Recently, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been shown to be effective in overcoming physiological impairments such as hemostasis and inflammation, accelerating the wound healing process. This case series summarises our experience in the treatment of two Asian patients with lower-extremity chronic venous ulcers using PBMT with blue light. Case 1 was a 71-year-old male with a history of hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency and previous deep vein thrombosis. Prior to blue light therapy, the average duration of treatment until wound closure with compression dressings used to be 10-12 weeks. Complete wound closure with the blue light therapy was eight weeks, with a total reduction of 67% of wound size by week 4. Case 2 was a 77-year-old male with a background of hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Prior to blue light therapy, the patient had also underwent iliac venoplasty and stenting for his recurring bilateral malleolus venous ulcers. By week 4, the right malleolus wound had healed, while the left malleolus wound had a size reduction of 38%. Complete closure of both the wounds was noted at week 6. Blue light was administered to the wounds of both patients for 120 seconds per session, as an adjunct to compression therapy. Both patients reported no additional wound pain during the administration of blue light therapy, with an overall reduction of wound pain at three weeks. The cases demonstrated that PBMT with blue light was well-tolerated, safe, and efficacious in improving wound healing with an adjunct to standard treatment of chronic venous ulcers.

Background and Objectives: Fatigue and sleep disturbance negatively impact quality of life following brain injury and there are no established treatments. Building on research showing efficacy of blue light therapy delivered via a lightbox in reducing fatigue and daytime sleepiness after traumatic brain injury (TBI), this paper describes the development and implementation of a novel in-home light therapy to alleviate fatigue and sleep disturbance in two case studies. Methods: During the 8-week lighting intervention, participants\' home lighting was adjusted to provide high intensity, blue-enriched (high melanopic) light all day as a stimulant and dimmer, blue-depleted (low melanopic) light for 3 h before sleep as a soporific. The sham 8-week control condition resembled participants\' usual (baseline) lighting conditions (3,000-4,000 K all day). Lighting conditions were crossed-over. Outcomes were measures of fatigue, subjective daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, psychomotor vigilance and mood. Case study participants were a 35-year old male (5 years post-TBI), and a 46-year-old female (22 years post-TBI). Results: The relative proportion of melanopic lux was greater in Treatment lighting than Control during daytime, and lower during evenings. Participants found treatment to be feasible to implement, and was well-tolerated with no serious side effects noted. Self-reported compliance was >70%. Both cases demonstrated reduced fatigue, sleep disturbance and insomnia symptoms during the treatment lighting intervention. Case 2 additionally showed reductions in daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms. As expected, symptoms trended toward baseline levels during the control condition. Discussion: Treatment was positively received and compliance rates were high, with no problematic side-effects. Participants expressed interest in continuing the ambient light therapy in their daily lives. Conclusions: These cases studies demonstrate the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a personalized in-home dynamic light treatment for TBI patients, with evidence for efficacy in reducing fatigue and sleep disturbance. Clinical Trial Registration:www.anzctr.org.au, identifier: ACTRN12617000866303.

Fluorescent or LED nail lamps are used in manicure and pedicure salons to cure nail coatings. These are UV sources, but with significant blue light emissions. Most of the literature emphasizes skin damage and cancer risk from UV exposure rather than blue light-induced damage to visual photoreceptors. Nail technicians using the lamps routinely may have potentially greater exposure than customers. However, there are no data on blue light radiance levels combined with time activity patterns for exposure assessment. This research aimed to determine exposures through simulation experiments, informed by observational studies in seven nail salons. Typical and worst-case time activity patterns were established, and spectral radiance doses determined in the occupational visual field for two LED nail curing lamps. The results showed the effective spectral radiance dose were below the current guideline promulgated by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection. Interestingly, radiances at the corners of one LED nail curing lamp was higher than at the center, which shows the amount of exposure can differ depending on the viewing angle. This research is the first to determine spectral radiance doses. A covered design is highly recommended for blocking the emission of blue light from a nail lamp.