越来越多的血液和血液制品可供从业人员用于血液疾病的管理,并且对于患有贫血和/或凝血障碍的患者可以是救生和治疗有用的。对于猫科动物的医疗保健来说,正确选择捐赠者是很重要的,并向受益的接受者输血或血液制品。可能发生并发症,但是可以通过谨慎的捐赠者管理和接受者选择来避免,了解血型相容性,和输血监测。
猫输血,虽然可能是一个救生程序,如果没有预防措施,也可能对捐赠者和接受者有害。猫具有天然存在的针对红细胞抗原的同种抗体,并且类型不匹配的输血会发生严重的反应。输血还可以将感染因子传播给接受者,所以捐赠者测试是必不可少的。最后,捐赠者必须身体健康,并酌情镇静,以安全和无菌的方式收集血液,以优化对接受者的益处。输血反应是可能的,并且在性质上可以是轻度到严重的。在某些情况下可以考虑自体输血和异种输血。
本指南是由国际猫科动物医学学会(ISFM)召集的一组作者创建的。基于现有文献。它们针对全科医生提供实用的血液分型指南,交叉匹配,采血和管理。
Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for patients with anaemia and/or coagulopathies. It is important for feline healthcare that donors are selected appropriately, and transfusions of blood or blood products are given to recipients that will benefit from them. Complications can occur, but can be largely avoided with careful donor management and recipient selection, understanding of blood type compatibility, and transfusion monitoring.
Feline blood transfusion, while potentially a lifesaving procedure, can also be detrimental to donor and recipient without precautions. Cats have naturally occurring alloantibodies to red cell antigens and severe reactions can occur with type-mismatched transfusions. Blood transfusions can also transmit infectious agents to the recipient, so donor testing is essential. Finally, donors must be in good health, and sedated as appropriate, with blood collected in a safe and sterile fashion to optimise the benefit to recipients. Transfusion reactions are possible and can be mild to severe in nature. Autologous blood transfusions and xenotransfusions may be considered in certain situations.
These
Guidelines have been created by a panel of authors convened by the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM), based on available literature. They are aimed at general practitioners to provide a practical guide to blood typing, cross-matching, and blood collection and administration.