目标:在西方人群中,与对照组相比,抑郁症患者过早死亡10-25年,主要是由于与生活方式有关的疾病。吸烟,过量饮酒,不良的饮食和缺乏体力活动是疾病合并症的主要原因。这项研究的目的是评估巴林抑郁症患者的饮食和生活方式行为,并确定他们与不同医学合并症的关系。
方法:2019年3月至12月进行了病例对照研究。从巴林精神病医院招募了96名诊断为抑郁症的患者样本,从初级保健中心招募了96名年龄和性别匹配的对照.人体测量学评估,饮食和酒精摄入量,对病例和对照组都进行了吸烟和身体活动水平。对招募病例的医疗合并症进行了国家电子病历的回顾性审查。在控制混杂因素后,使用Logistic回归分析确定生活方式行为与医疗合并症之间的关联。
结果:抑郁症患者报告的能量和能量产生的常量营养素摄入量较高(例如,碳水化合物,蛋白质,和脂肪);吸烟率高出三倍;体力活动水平明显降低。这些病例患肥胖症的风险增加了一倍,2型糖尿病高血压,和肌肉骨骼疾病。病例和对照组的心血管疾病风险相似。
结论:膳食摄入量差,吸烟率增加,巴林抑郁症患者的体力活动水平较低;这些因素与一些医学合并症相关。
OBJECTIVE: In Western populations, patients with depression die 10-25 years prematurely compared to controls, mainly due to lifestyle-related diseases. Tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol intake, poor diets and physical inactivity are among the major contributors to disease comorbidities. The objective of this research is to assess the dietary and lifestyle behaviours for Bahraini patients with depression and to determine their associations with different medical comorbidities.
METHODS: A
case-control study was conducted from March to December 2019. A sample of 96 diagnosed patients with depression was recruited from the Psychiatric Hospital/Bahrain, and 96 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from primary health centres. Assessment of anthropometrics, dietary and alcohol intakes, tobacco smoking and physical activity levels were undertaken for both cases and controls. National electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively for medical comorbidities for the recruited cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between lifestyle behaviours and medical comorbidities after controlling for confounding factors.
RESULTS: Patients with depression reported higher intakes of energy and energy-yielding macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, protein, and fat); three-fold higher rates of tobacco smoking; and significantly lower levels of physical activity. Cases appeared to be at a doubled risk for developing obesity, diabetes type 2, hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorders. The risk for cardiovascular problems was similar for cases and controls.
CONCLUSIONS: Poor dietary intakes, increased prevalence of smoking, and low levels of physical activity were evident in patients with depression in Bahrain; these factors were associated with some medical comorbidities.