目的:我们研究的目的是通过在广泛的地理学中进行研究来调查大多数相关因素以及问卷调查,从而为有关OME患病率的文献做出贡献。此外,海拔和纬度的可能影响,在不同国家同一季节的4-7岁儿童中评估了耳镜检查结果与鼓室测量和声反射测试结果之间的一致性。
方法:在来自不同城市不同地区的随机抽样学校中,4-7岁儿童被纳入研究。评估了涵盖OME病因潜在因素的问卷结果以及耳镜检查和鼓室测量结果的结果,以及在低振幅钝化峰值鼓室图的情况下指导解释的声学反射发现,可以将其解释为“B型”或“A型”。所有结果都是在同一季节收集的。
结果:来自9个国家的10个中心参与了这项研究。总共对4768名儿童进行了评估。在普通人群中,通过耳视检查诊断出的OME的频率为22.48%(n=1072),考虑耳镜检查加B型鼓室测压的诊断率为11.3%(n=539)。发现增加OME患病率的因素为:母亲的教育水平(p=0.02),儿童年龄(p=0.006),上呼吸道感染史(p=0.001),吸烟的父亲(p=0.01),母亲是家庭主妇或劳动者(p=0.01),过敏史(p=0.001),哮喘(p=0.04),或过敏症状(p=0.02)。海拔高度或纬度与OME患病率之间没有直接关系。
结论:在分析同一模型中的所有潜在危险因素后发现的重要影响因素是二手烟暴露,母亲的教育水平低,母亲的职业,URTI的积极历史,孩子的年龄小于7岁。通过关注增加OME患病率的因素,特别强调吸烟等可预防的问题,教育,与过敏作斗争可以降低这种公共卫生问题的患病率。
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our
study was to contribute to the literature about the prevalence of OME by conducting a research in a wide geography examining most of the associating factors together with a questionnaire. Additionally, possible effects of altitudes and latitudes, concordance between the otoscopic examination findings and tympanometric and acoustic reflex test results were evaluated in 4-7 years old children in the same season in different countries.
METHODS: In the randomly sampled schools from different regions of different cities where people of different scoioecomonic statuses live, 4-7 year-old children were included in the
study. The results of the questionnaire covering the potential factors in OME etiology were evaluated together with the results of the otoscopic examination and tympanometry findings, and also the acoustic reflex findings to direct the interpretation in cases of low amplitude - blunted peak tympanograms which can be interpreted as a \"Type B\" or \"Type As\". All the results were gathered in the same season.
RESULTS: Ten centers from nine countries participated in the
study. A total of 4768 children were evaluated. The frequency of OME diagnosed by otosopic examination was 22.48% (n=1072) and the diagnosis rate when otoscopic examination plus type B tympanometry were taken into account was found as 11.3% (n=539) in general population. Factors increasing the prevalence of OME were found as; mother\'s educational level (p=0.02), child\'s age (p=0.006), history of upper respiratory tract infection (p=0.001), smoking father (p=0.01), mother being a housewife or laborer (p=0.01), history of allergy (p=0.001), asthma (p=0.04), or allergy symptoms (p=0.02). No direct relationship was found between altitudes or latitudes and prevalence of OME.
CONCLUSIONS: The important affecting factors found after analyzing all of the potential risk factors in the same model are secondhand smoke exposure, low level of mother\'s education, mother\'s occupation, positive history of URTI, and age of the child being less than 7. By paying attention to the factors that increase the prevalence of OME, putting particular emphasis on the preventable ones such as smoking, education, and fighting with allergies could decrease the prevalence of this public health issue.