Akabane病毒是由Culicoidesspp传播的致畸病原体。反刍动物。该病毒会在发育中的胎儿中引起中枢神经系统异常,导致关节积水-水性脑畸形(A-H)综合征。在该疾病的三次爆发期间(2002年、2013年和2020年),77头小牛出生在Varamin,伊朗,A-H综合征.出现的神经系统症状分为三个主要组,作为常见的,不太常见,和不寻常的迹象。常见的迹象是对周围环境的无意识,失明,深度抑郁,哺乳部分失败,和不聪明的行为。不太常见的体征是过度兴奋,返流,压头,强迫性行走,踢,虽然不常见的迹象包括舌头突出,发出类似吠叫的声音,像食肉动物一样喝牛奶,和耳聋。关节运动,圆顶形头骨,后凸畸形,斜颈,脊柱前凸,脊柱侧弯,脊柱裂是诊断出的骨骼缺陷。尸检时,无脑积水,脑积水,小脑在小牛中出现了神经系统症状,而星形细胞增多症,星形胶质增生,局灶性胶质增生,血管周围,神经周神经元,脑膜下水肿,血管周围袖口,非化脓性脑膜炎,非化脓性脑炎和淋巴浆细胞浸润,在从大脑获得的样本中观察到血管周围和实质出血。RT-PCR在受影响的小牛的脑组织中检测到Akabane病毒。这是伊朗小牛Akabane病的首次临床研究。
Akabane virus is a teratogenic pathogen transmitted by Culicoides spp. to ruminants. The virus induces anomalies in the central nervous system in the developing fetus, resulting in
arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly (A-H) syndrome. During three outbreaks of the disease (2002, 2013, and 2020), 77 calves were born in Varamin, Iran, with A-H syndrome. The presenting neurologic signs were categorized into three main groups, as common, less common, and uncommon signs. The common signs were unawareness of the surroundings, blindness, deep depression, partial failure of suckling, and unintelligent behavior. The less commonly noted signs were hyperexcitability, regurgitation, head pressing, compulsive walking, and kicking, while the uncommon signs comprised protrusion of the tongue, making sounds resembling barking, carnivore-like milk drinking, and deafness.
Arthrogryposis, dome-shaped skull, kyphosis, torticollis, lordosis, scoliosis, and spina bifida were the diagnosed skeletal defects. Upon necropsy, hydranencephaly, hydrocephaly, and microencephaly were seen in the calves presenting neurologic signs, while astrocytosis, astrogliosis, focal gliosis, perivascular, perineuronal, and submeningeal edema, perivascular cuffing, non-suppurative meningitis, non-suppurative encephalitis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and perivascular and parenchymal hemorrhage were seen in samples obtained from the brains. RT-PCR detected Akabane virus in the brain tissues of the affected calves. This is the first clinical study of Akabane disease in calves in Iran.