Plants have been used for centuries to improve dental health and to promote oral hygiene, and this practice persists in several communities throughout the world. \"Miswak\" is an Arabic word meaning \"tooth-cleaning stick,\" and Salvadora persica miswak has a wide geographic distribution. It was used by ancient Arabs to whiten and polish the teeth. This review discusses the history and chemical composition of S. persica miswak and its influence on oral health, including the advantages and disadvantages of its use.