The primary aim was to investigate survival rate of zirconia versus metal abutments, and the secondary aim was clinical outcomes of all-ceramic versus metal-ceramic crowns on single-tooth implants.
Patients with tooth-agenesis participated to previously published prospective clinical study with 3-year follow-up were recalled after 5 years. Biological variables included survival and success rate of implants, marginal bone level, modified Plaque and Sulcus Bleeding Index and biological complications. Technical variables included restoration survival rate, marginal adaptation and technical complications. The aesthetic outcome of crowns and peri-implant mucosa in addition to patient-reported outcome were recorded. Descriptive analysis, linear mixed model for quantitative data, or generalized linear mixed model for ordinal categorical data were applied; significance was set to 0.05.
Fifty-three patients (mean age: 32.4 years), with 89 implants participated to the 5-years examination. The implants supported 50 zirconia abutments with 50 all-ceramic (AC) crown and 39 metal abutments with 29 metal-ceramic (MC) and 10 AC crowns. The Implant and restoration survival rate was 100% and 96%, respectively. No clinically relevant biological difference between implants supporting metal or zirconia abutments was registered. The technical complications were veneering fracture of AC-crowns (n = 3), crown loosening of MC-crowns (n = 4) and one abutment screw loosening (MC-crown on metal abutment). MC-crowns had significantly better marginal adaptation than AC-crowns (p = .01). AC-crowns had significantly better color and morphology than MC-crowns (p = .01).
Zirconia-based single-tooth restorations are reliable alternative materials to metal-based restorations with favorable biological and aesthetic outcome, and few technical complications.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia (CHH) by performing panoramic radiographs.
METHODS: A total of 41 648 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients who were admitted to the hospitals from January 2019 to May 2021 were reviewed, and 145 CHH patients were included in the study. The presence of CHH was recorded. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of CHH was 0.35% (145/41 648). Males (102 cases) were obviously more than females (43 cases), and the difference between genders was statistically significant (P<0.001). The features of congenital permanent tooth loss in this group were predominantly 1 and 2 teeth missing and preferably mandibular lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars missing. The incidence of congenital permanent teeth loss was higher in the mandible than in the maxilla (P<0.001), but no difference was found in the distribution between left and right (P=0.84). The features of supernumerary teeth in this group were 1 and 2 teeth, mostly in the maxillary anterior area, mostly conical, mostly vertical inversion and orthotopic growth.
CONCLUSIONS: CHH is a rare mixed numeric dental anomaly characterized by congenital missing teeth and supernumerary teeth occurring in the same individual. CHH cases are higher in men than in women. The characteristics of their hypodontia and hyperdontia are similar to those of patients with congenital permanent tooth absence or supernumerary teeth. Early diagnosis of the condition and a multidisciplinary approach for management of such case is recommended.
目的: 应用曲面体层技术探讨少牙多牙症（CHH）的发生率和临床特征。方法: 收集2019年1月—2021年5月就诊的41 648例儿童口腔科患者的曲面体层片，纳入CHH患者145例，观察记录CHH的发生情况。应用SPSS 24.0软件统计分析所得的数据。结果: CHH的发生率为0.35%（145/41 648），男性（102例）多于女性（43例），性别间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。恒牙先天缺失特征：缺失1~2颗为主；最好发下颌侧切牙和下颌第二前磨牙；下颌恒牙先天缺失多于上颌恒牙先天缺失，二者差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；左侧先天缺失与右侧先天缺失差异无统计学意义（P=0.84）。多生牙特征：数目1~2颗；多见于上颌前牙区；多为圆锥形；垂直倒置生长和垂直正位生长为主。结论: CHH是一种少见的混合牙齿数目异常，男性多于女性，恒牙先天缺失和多生牙的特征与单独发生的恒牙先天缺失/多生牙的特征相似，建议早期诊断和多学科治疗。.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in one or multiple genes can lead to hypodontia and its characteristic features. Numerous studies have shown a strong genetic influence on the occurrence of hypodontia, and identified several genes, including AXIN2, EDA, FGF3, FGFR2, FGFR10, WNT10A, MSX1, and PAX9, that are directly associated with dental agenesis and carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and pattern of tooth agenesis, microdontia, and palatally displaced canine (PDC) in women diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), compared to a control group of women without any malignancy or thyroid disease.
METHODS: This case-control study was carried at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, and Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre. The study involved a clinical examination and evaluation of dental status, panoramic X-ray analysis, and assessment of medical and family history of 116 female patients aged 20-40 with PTC, as well as 424 females in the control group who were of similar age.
RESULTS: The prevalence of hypodontia, microdontia, and PDC was statistically higher in women with PTC than in the control group. The prevalence rate of hypodontia was 11.3% in the experimental group and 3.5% in the control group. The experimental group showed a higher occurrence of missing upper lateral incisors, lower left central incisors, and all the third molars (except the upper left) compared to the control group. Women with PTC showed the prevalence of PDC significantly higher than the control group (3.5%, 0.7%, p = 0.002). The probability of hypodontia as a clinical finding increases 2.6 times, and microdontia occurs 7.7 times more frequently in women with PTC.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a possible link between odontogenesis and PTC. The absence of permanent teeth may increase the likelihood of PTC in women. Leveraging the age-7 orthopantomogram to identify women at high risk for PTC within a critical early detection window could significantly improve oral health outcomes and PTC prognosis through proactive interventions.

OBJECTIVE: It is traditionally considered that breaking bad news to patients does not represent a cause for concern for dental professionals. However, there are situations where they will be confronted with this task, as in the case of rare dental diseases. Little information is available regarding the feelings of healthcare professionals on this subject. There are no qualitative studies that explore how a diagnosis of oligodontia is announced to patients by dentists and orthodontists. The aim of our study is to explore the difficulties and ethical issues experienced by dental health professionals when they have to announce a diagnosis of oligodontia to a patient and their family.
METHODS: This study relied on a qualitative research method using focus groups of dentists and orthodontists and a thematic analysis procedure.
RESULTS: The difficulties experienced could be summarised within five topics: organisational difficulties, difficulties with the management of dental treatment and with the administrative management associated with this anomaly, difficulties with the content of the announcement, and relational difficulties. These could be grouped in two categories: practical difficulties and ethical difficulties.
CONCLUSIONS: This survey allowed us to understand the difficulties encountered by dentists and orthodontists when announcing oligodontia. The participants felt uncomfortable with this task and were under stress. They reported difficulties in delivering the medical information and in adapting to the message. It is essential that dental professionals develop skills in medical communication.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare alveolar morphometry in young adults with agenesis of the upper lateral incisor versus the side without agenesis and versus matched controls.
METHODS: In this observational retrospective study, cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained of 36 upper hemiarches from young adults aged 15 to 30 years. The hemiarches were distributed into three groups: group 1: 12 upper hemiarches presenting agenesis of the upper lateral incisor; group 2: 12 upper hemiarches from the opposite side without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor (control group 1); and group 3: 12 upper hemiarches without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor matched for age and sex with respect to the affected group (control group 2). A trained and calibrated investigator performed all the alveolar measurements at two different times, including sagittal, coronal and axial slices of each hemiarch. Paired Student\'s t-tests, Chi-square and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used, (P<0.05).
RESULTS: Apical mesial evaluation of group 1 (4.22±1.19mm) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that of groups 2 (6.72±1.17mm) and 3 (7.58±1.67mm). Apical distal evaluation also showed differences (P<0.001) among the three groups, with the dimension being smaller in group 1 with agenesis (4.53±1.14mm), followed by group 2 without agenesis (6.23±1.55mm) and the healthy control group 3 (7.73±1.71mm).
CONCLUSIONS: Lateral incisor agenesis significantly reduces the alveolar dimensions of the affected area. In cases of unilateral agenesis, the unaffected side also shows sequelae, with decreased dimensions compared to cases without agenesis. This condition should be taken into account when making therapeutic decisions regarding rehabilitation with implants or canine replacement.

Despite researchers\' recent interest in identifying links between some dental and craniovertebral abnormalities, there are many important, unassessed gaps in our knowledge of this matter. In addition, previous samples were small. This large study aimed to examine, for the first time, the occurrence/severity of numerous dental and skeletal anomalies or variations and their correlations with each other and with growth patterns.
This epidemiological study was conducted on pretreatment radiographs of 1194 patients from 3 cities (815 females). Skeletal sagittal skeletal relationships and vertical growth patterns were determined. The occurrence/severity were assessed for: cervical vertebral fusion (CVF), atlas posterior arch deficiency (APAD), ponticulus posticus (PP), sella turcica bridging (STB), hypodontia, oligodontia, hyperdontia, missing of maxillary laterals, microdontia, macrodontia, root dilaceration, odontoma, taurodontism, dental fusion, dental gemination, enamel pearl, permanent molar ankylosis, primary molar ankylosis, dens in dente, dens invaginatus, dental impaction, ectopic eruption, and dental transposition. Incidental findings were recorded as well. Concurrent anomalies, sex dimorphism, and correlations across variables were examined statistically, adjusting for the false discovery rate (α = 0.05).
Prevalence was calculated for 43 dentoskeletal traits/anomalies (22 abnormalities/variations [plus their severities/types] as well as 21 incidentally found traits/anomalies). Dental impaction may be more common in hyperdivergent and severer cases of sella bridging; also, primary molar ankylosis was associated with missing teeth. Dental impaction was associated only with STB and not with PP, APAD, or vertebral fusion. The only association observed among the four skeletal anomalies was seen between APAD and CVF. Merely the variables \'sagittal skeletal relationships, vertical growth patterns, PP, and APAD\' showed sexual dimorphism; of these, only vertical growth pattern and APAD remained sexually dimorphic after adjusting for the FDR; still, the other two remained marginally significant and worth further evaluations. Sex dimorphism did not exist in concurrent abnormalities. The skeletal Class III was associated with the concurrent occurrence of craniovertebral, dental, and dentoskeletal abnormalities. Skeletal Class I was associated with fewer occurrences of concurrent dental anomalies. Vertical growth patterns were not associated with concurrent dental or dentoskeletal anomalies. However, the hyperdivergent pattern was associated with fewer cases of concurrent craniovertebral abnormalities.
STB and hyperdivergent pattern were associated with dental impaction. However, APAD, CVF, or PP were not associated with dental impaction. APAD was associated with CVF. Sexual dimorphism existed conclusively in the case of vertical growth patterns and APAD. Concurrent abnormalities (dental, skeletal, and dentoskeletal) were associated with skeletal Class III.

Child labor has significant physical, psychological, and social consequences, which can persist into adulthood. This study investigates the association between the age at which an individual begins working and tooth loss in older adults in Ecuador. We analyzed data from the SABE 2009 survey (Survey of Health, Well-being, and Aging), using binary logistic regression to examine potential relationships. Our analytical sample comprised of 3,899 older adults from mainland Ecuador, with 42.50% having started working between the ages of 5 and 12. Unadjusted logistic regression results indicated that older adults who began working at ages 5-12 had a 42% higher risk of missing more than 4 teeth compared to those who started working at ages 18-25. After adjusting for potential confounders, the resulting risk was 28% higher than for the reference group [OR 1.28 95% CI 1.25-1.30]. Our findings demonstrate that early engagement in labor is a risk factor for tooth loss among older adults, displaying the long-term impacts of child labor on oral health. Health education and benefits should be provided to this vulnerable population for tooth loss prevention.

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any association between molar incisor hypomineralization and developmental dental anomalies.
Two pediatric dentists evaluated panoramic radiographs of 429 children aged 8-14 years with molar incisor hypomineralization (study group) and 437 children without molar incisor hypomineralization (control group) in terms of developmental dental anomalies. Twelve different developmental dental anomalies were categorized into four types: size (microdontia, macrodontia); position (ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars, infraocclusion of primary molars); shape (fusion, gemination, dilaceration, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors); and number (hypodontia, oligodontia, hyperdontia) anomalies.
No significant difference was observed in the frequencies of developmental dental anomalies between the study and control groups in total, females, and males (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of developmental size, position, shape, and number anomalies between the study and control groups (p = 0.024). The most common anomaly in both groups was hypodontia (6.3% and 5.9%, respectively). There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in terms of subtypes of shape anomaly in all children and females (p = 0.045 and p = 0.05, respectively).
While a significant difference was observed between the distributions of types of developmental dental anomalies between individuals with and without molar incisor hypomineralization, there was no difference in terms of the frequency of developmental dental anomalies.

There is a difference between patient self-assessment and professional assessment of oral health needs; therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate patients\' individual needs and awareness of replacing missing teeth with prostheses and then to compare this information with professionally assessed clinical prosthetic needs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study subjects were recruited from Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in Dammam City, Primary Health Care Centers in Alhasa City and from health education campaigns in the same area. All the patients were provided with a questionnaire related to the effect of missing teeth and replacement options, then underwent a clinical examination performed by a well-trained investigator. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP data analysis software (JMP®, Version 16. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2021.) RESULTS: A total of 102 participants were included. Most of the participants (94.2%) reported their need to replace missing teeth. Most of the participants stated that losing teeth (teeth) affected their ability to chew food and their appearance (82.6% and 61.6%, respectively). Dental caries was the main reason behind teeth extraction in 77.9% of the study sample. Fixed partial prosthesis was the first treatment option preferred by 33.7%, followed by implant-supported prosthesis with 25.6% to replace the missing teeth. Only 3.5% of participants preferred not to restore the missing teeth. Professional screening showed that 48.8% of the participants had one missing anterior tooth or more, which dictates the need for esthetic restoration, and 58.1% of the participants had three missing posterior teeth or more, which dictates the need for functional restoration.
Patient knowledge and attitudes toward replacing missing teeth in terms of their functional and esthetic needs were variable among the population in comparison to the professional assessment of patient needs. Dentists plays a major role in raising the level of awareness about missing teeth replacement. The results of this study serve as baseline data for any related future studies.

We aimed to investigate the association between oral health and cognitive function in a sample of older adults from a Chinese rural community.
The cross-sectional cognitive function of 677 individuals were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A comprehensive profile of the oral health status was evaluated by questionnaire and clinical examination.
Multiple covariates-adjusted regression models demonstrated decayed teeth (DT) and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were negatively associated with MoCA score (all p < 0.05). Calculus index (CI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were significantly associated with the lower MoCA, short-term memory and executive function score, respectively (all p < 0.05). Additionally, participants with missing teeth unrestored tend to get lower MMSE and MoCA scores (p < 0.05). The results also showed that increased DT and CI were modestly associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (p < 0.05).
There is an association between oral health and global cognition. Poor periodontal status was strongly associated with worse global cognition performance, especially in the short-term memory and executive domain for the aging population.