血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制剂是常用于治疗糖尿病相关并发症的抗高血压药物。已知合成ACE抑制剂会引起严重的副作用,如低血压,肾功能不全,和高钾血症.因此,对天然ACE抑制剂的研究正在加强。已知许多植物或基于植物的提取物具有ACE抑制活性。在这次审查中,关注从植物中提取的天然ACE抑制剂的文章从谷歌学者等数据库中检索,PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience。我们已经发现了50多种具有ACE抑制活性的植物物种。其中,AngelicaKeiskei,苦瓜,Muntinggiacalabura,家国李子,Peperomiapellucida是最有效的,显示相对较低的半最大抑制浓度值。在生物活性代谢物中,肽(例如,Tyr-Glu-Pro,Met-Arg-Trp,和Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val),酚类物质(例如,花青素-3-O-sambubioside和delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside),类黄酮([-]-表儿茶素,astilbin,和eupatorin),发现从几种植物和真菌中分离出的萜类化合物(熊果酸和齐墩果酸)和生物碱(小檗碱和harmaline)具有显着的ACE抑制活性。这些也被认为具有有前途的抗氧化剂,抗糖尿病药,抗高脂血症和抗炎活性。考虑到草药化合物的最小副作用和较低的毒性,从这些植物提取物或植物化合物中开发用于治疗糖尿病相关并发症的抗高血压药物是一项重要的努力。这次审查,因此,重点介绍从不同植物来源提取的ACE抑制剂,它们可能的作用机制,现状,和任何安全问题。
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications often used in the treatment of diabetes-related complications. Synthetic ACE inhibitors are known to cause serious side effects like hypotension, renal insufficiency, and hyperkalaemia. Therefore, there has been an intensifying search for natural ACE inhibitors. Many plants or plant-based extracts are known to possess ACE-inhibitory activity. In this
review, articles focusing on the natural ACE inhibitors extracted from plants were retrieved from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We have found more than 50 plant species with ACE-inhibitory activity. Among them, Angelica keiskei, Momordica charantia, Muntingia calabura, Prunus domestica, and Peperomia pellucida were the most potent, showing comparatively lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration values. Among the bioactive metabolites, peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro, Met-Arg-Trp, and Gln-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Val), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids ([-]-epicatechin, astilbin, and eupatorin), terpenoids (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid) and alkaloids (berberine and harmaline) isolated from several plant and fungus species were found to possess significant ACE-inhibitory activity. These were also known to possess promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the minimal side effects and lower toxicity of herbal compounds, development of antihypertensive drugs from these plant extracts or phytocompounds for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications is an important endeavour. This
review, therefore, focuses on the ACE inhibitors extracted from different plant sources, their possible mechanisms of action, present status, and any safety concerns.