非传染性疾病每年占全球死亡人数的70%以上。强大的公司行为者的存在使应对这一流行病的努力变得复杂。尽管如此,很少有人尝试综合现有的证据来证明用于促进跨行业公司利益的策略。鉴于此,我们的研究试图回答以下问题:1)烟草使用的策略是否有紧急分类法,酒精和含糖饮料(SSB)行业扩大公司自主权?2)这些策略如何相似,它们有何不同?
在Arksey和O\'Malley开发的框架的指导下,我们进行了范围审查,在2021年6月检索了6个数据库,以确定相关的同行评审文献.要包括在本审查中,研究必须明确讨论烟草使用的策略,酒精,和/或含糖饮料跨国公司,并被视为旨在综合来自三个行业中至少一个行业的现有证据的评论文章。共选择八百五十八篇文章进行全面审查,保留59篇文章进行摘录,分析,和分类。
结果确定了行业使用的六个关键策略:1)影响政府政策制定和实施,2)挑战不利的科学,3)塑造正面形象,4)操纵市场,5)不断增加的法律挑战,6)预测未来情景。尽管有这些相似之处,有几个但重要的差异。在影响政府政策制定和执行的战略下,例如,文献表明,酒精和SSB行业在国际公共卫生组织中“享有高水平参与的特权”。
了解行业如何抵制控制它们的努力对于致力于减少有害商品的消费、死亡和疾病的公共卫生倡导者来说非常重要。此外,公共卫生界更需要就如何在道德上参与或不参与生产不健康商品的行业达成共识。还需要更多的研究来建立抵制监管的行业策略的证据基础,特别是在SSB的情况下,在中低收入国家。
Noncommunicable diseases contribute to over 70% of global deaths each year. Efforts to address this epidemic are complicated by the presence of powerful corporate actors. Despite this, few attempts have been made to synthesize existing evidence of the strategies used to advance corporate interests across industries. Given this, our study seeks to answer the questions: 1) Is there an emergent taxonomy of strategies used by the tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) industries to expand corporate autonomy? 2) How are these strategies similar and how are they different?
Under the guidance of a framework developed by Arksey and O\'Malley, a scoping
review was carried out whereby six databases were searched in June 2021 to identify relevant peer-reviewed literature. To be included in this
review, studies had to explicitly discuss the strategies used by the tobacco, alcohol, and/or sugar-sweetened beverage multinational corporations and be considered
review articles aimed to synthesize existing evidence from at least one of the three industries. Eight hundred and fifty-eight articles were selected for full
review and 59 articles were retained for extraction, analysis, and categorization.
Results identified six key strategies the industries used: 1) influencing government policy making and implementation, 2) challenging unfavorable science, 3) creating a positive image, 4) manipulating markets, 5) mounting legal challenges, and 6) anticipating future scenarios. Despite these similarities, there are few but important differences. Under the strategy of influencing government policy making and implementation, for example, literature showed that the alcohol and SSB industries have been \"privileged with high levels of participation\" within international public health organizations.
Understanding how industries resist efforts to control them is important for public health advocates working to reduce consumption of and death and diseases resulting from harmful commodities. Moreover, there is a greater need for the public health community to generate consensus about how to ethically engage or not engage with industries that produce unhealthy commodities. More studies are also needed to build the evidence base of industry tactics to resist regulation, particularly in the case of SSB, and in low-and middle-income countries.