背景:Sceletiumtortuosum(L.)N.E.Br,Sceletium属中最受追捧和研究最广泛的物种是南非特有的多汁植物。传统上,这种药用植物主要是咀嚼或熏制,用于缓解牙痛,腹痛,作为一个情绪电梯,镇痛药,催眠,抗焦虑药,口渴和饥饿抑制剂,以及它令人陶醉/欣快的效果。Sceletiumtortuosum由于其在治疗焦虑和抑郁方面的临床潜力,目前具有广泛的科学兴趣,缓解健康个体的压力,增强认知功能。这些药理作用归因于其植物化学成分,称为间充质碱型生物碱。
目的:这篇综述的目的是全面总结和批判性地评估植物化学的最新研究进展,药代动力学,药用植物S.tortuosum的生物和临床活性。此外,还讨论了当前正在进行的研究和未来的展望。
方法:所有相关的科学文章,书籍,理学硕士和博士学位植物学论文,行为药理学,传统用途,从不同的数据库(包括ScienceDirect,PubMed,谷歌学者,Scopus和WebofScience)。关于五味子的药代动力学和药理作用,重点放在2009年至2021年期间出版的相关出版物上。
结果:二十五种生物碱,属于四个结构类别,即:中胚碱,SceletiumA4,joubertiamine,和tortuosamine,已经从S.tortuosum识别出,其中中胚层类占主导地位。龙葵的粗提物和市售标准化提取物已显示出广泛的生物活性(例如抗疟疾,抗氧化剂,免疫调节,抗艾滋病毒,神经保护,认知功能的增强)在体外或体内研究中。这种植物尚未在临床人群中进行研究,但有可能增强认知功能,管理焦虑和抑郁。
结论:作为南非重要的药用植物,在过去的十年中,美国tortuosum在其植物化学和生物活性方面取得了许多研究进展。这些科学研究表明,龙葵具有多种生物活性。这些发现进一步建立了植物化学和药理应用之间的联系,并支持S.tortuosum在南非本土医学中的传统使用。
BACKGROUND: Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br, the most sought after and widely researched species in the genus Sceletium is a succulent forb endemic to South Africa. Traditionally, this medicinal plant is mainly masticated or smoked and used for the relief of toothache, abdominal pain, and as a mood-elevator, analgesic, hypnotic, anxiolytic, thirst and hunger suppressant, and for its intoxicating/euphoric effects. Sceletium tortuosum is currently of widespread scientific interest due to its clinical potential in treating anxiety and depression, relieving stress in healthy individuals, and enhancing cognitive functions. These pharmacological actions are attributed to its phytochemical constituents referred to as mesembrine-type alkaloids.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this
review was to comprehensively summarize and critically evaluate recent research advances on the phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, biological and clinical activities of the medicinal plant S. tortuosum. Additionally, current ongoing research and future perspectives are also discussed.
METHODS: All relevant scientific articles, books, MSc and Ph.D. dissertations on botany, behavioral pharmacology, traditional uses, and phytochemistry of S. tortuosum were retrieved from different databases (including Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science). For pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects of S. tortuosum, the focus fell on relevant publications published between 2009 and 2021.
RESULTS: Twenty-five alkaloids belonging to four structural classes viz: mesembrine, Sceletium A4, joubertiamine, and tortuosamine, have been identified from S. tortuosum, of which the mesembrine class is predominant. The crude extracts and commercially available standardized extracts of S. tortuosum have displayed a wide spectrum of biological activities (e.g. antimalarial, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-HIV, neuroprotection, enhancement of cognitive function) in in vitro or in vivo studies. This plant has not yet been studied in a clinical population, but has potential for enhancing cognitive function, and managing anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSIONS: As an important South African medicinal plant, S. tortuosum has garnered many research advances on its phytochemistry and biological activities over the last decade. These scientific studies have shown that S. tortuosum has various bioactivities. The findings have further established the link between the phytochemistry and pharmacological application, and support the traditional use of S. tortuosum in the indigenous medicine of South Africa.