Background: The implementation trial BESTFORCAN aims to evaluate the dissemination of Trauma-Focused Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) for children and adolescents in Germany with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after child abuse and neglect (CAN) with a focus on supervision.Objective: This update to the study protocol outlines changes made due to practical reasons in the course of the ongoing trial while maintaining methodological quality.Method: The amendments to the original study protocol comprise (1) a more refined operationalisation of the primary outcome sufficiently adherent TF-CBT therapy (SATT), (2) changes in the study sites and (3) additional inclusion of one post-gradual psychotherapy training institute.Discussion: The adaptions to the original study protocol ensured high methodological quality through the transparent presentation of protocol modification: ensuring the recruitment of participating psychotherapists in training by including a further post-gradual training institute as well as an adaption of the measurement of SATT with high external validity. The objectives, diagnostic set, and secondary outcomes remained unimpaired by the amendment. Therefore, we expect the trial to provide evidence for the effect of model-specific trauma-focused supervision on the implementation outcomes of TF-CBT as compared to supervision as usual.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00020516..
Update to the study protocol of the trial BESTFORCAN that investigates the implementation of trauma-focused behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms following abuse with a focus on the role of supervision.Adaptions have been made regarding the specification of the definition of sufficiently adherent intervention, relocation of the data-handling centre and the recruitment of one additional psychotherapy institute.The adaptions have no impact on the objectives, diagnostic set, secondary outcomes, or processes of data handling.

Background: Trauma exposure prevalence and consequent post-traumatic stress disorder among South African adolescents are significant. Sleep disturbances are among the most frequently reported difficulties faced by those dealing with PTSD. The current study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the South African Adolescence Group Sleep Intervention on PTSD symptom severity and sleep disturbance.Method: Sixty-one adolescents with PTSD diagnoses and sleep disturbance were randomly assigned (1:1) to one individual and four group sessions of a sleep intervention (SAASI) or a control group. Participants completed the Child PTSD symptom scale for DSM5 (CPSS-5) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among other sleep and psychiatric measures. The trial was registered on the Pan African Trial Registry (PACTR202208559723690).Results: There was a significant but similar decrease in PSQI scores in both groups over time indicating no overall intervention effect (Wald test = -2.18, p = .029), mean slope = -0.2 (95% CI: -0.37 to -0.02) (p = .583). On the CPSS-5, interaction between groups was also not significant (p = .291). Despite this overall finding, the mean difference in CPSS-SR-5 scores increased over time, with the difference between groups post-treatment -9.10 (95%CI: -18.00 to -0.21), p = .045 and the 1-month follow-up contrast - 11.22 (95%CI: -22.43 to -0.03), p = .049 suggesting that PTSD symptom severity decreased more in the intervention group than the control group. The dropout rate was higher than expected for both the intervention (n = 10; 32%) and control (n = 8; 26.7%) groups. Dropout were mostly school commitments or travel related.Conclusions: Early findings suggest a trend towards dual improvement in sleep quality and PTSD symptom severity in adolescents with a sleep disturbance and PTSD receiving a group sleep intervention (SAASI). Further investigation in a properly powered RCT with detailed retention planning is indicated.
A four-week group sleep intervention seems feasible in adolescents with PTSD and sleep disturbances in a low-resource South African setting.Utilising less specialised mental health resources such as nurses and counsellors in intervention delivery was feasible and effective.Preliminary results are promising and support further research to establish the efficacy of the intervention.

During last decades, a departure from health-related lifestyles has been observed among adolescents. Evidence reports that healthy lifestyles could be predictors of better mental health status. The aims of the SESSAMO Project are: 1) to assess the association between lifestyles and physical and mental health; 2) to assess how self-concept and stressful life events can modulate these associations; and 3) to establish the role of social determinants in the lifestyle and in adolescents\' health. The SESSAMO Project is a prospective cohort carried out in Spain. Students aged 14-16 years (2nd-4th ESO) and their parents are invited to participate. Baseline data are collected through on-line, validated, self-administered questionnaires through a digital platform. Information on lifestyles, stressful life events and self-concept are collected. Screening of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicide risk, psychotic experiences and COVID impact is assessed. Every three years, up to age of 25, participants will be contacted again to update relevant information.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to determine how psychosocial adversity factors relate to this psychopathology, in a low-middle income country (Colombia).
METHODS: We evaluated subjects with ADHD diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, one of their parents and one of their siblings (ages 8-19). We used the ADHD rating scale and a set of instruments to assess the presence of mental disorders as well as psychosocial adversity.
RESULTS: We evaluated 74 trios formed by the index case with ADHD, one sibling and one of the parents. We found that 24.3% of the participating siblings also met the criteria for ADHD and another 24.3% for other psychiatric disorders. The risk of these siblings having ADHD increased further when one of the parents reported a history of ADHD. We also found that 28.3% of the families faced high levels of psychosocial adversity as per their scores in the Rutter Adversity Index.
CONCLUSIONS: Siblings of subjects with ADHD showed a significant risk for ADHD and other mental disorders. That risk increased if a parent reported a history of ADHD and also when two or more psychosocial adversity factors were present. This study supports the importance of early detection in efforts to decrease the risk for other siblings.

Background: In low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) trauma exposure among youth is high, but mental health services are critically under-resourced. In such contexts, abbreviated trauma treatments are needed.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an abbreviated eight-session version of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) for improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in a sample of South African adolescents.Method: 75 trauma-exposed adolescents (21 males, 54 females; mean age = 14.92, range = 11-19) with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were randomly assigned to eight sessions of TF-CBT or to usual services. At baseline, post-treatment and three-month follow-up, participants completed the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM 5 (CPSS-5) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). The trial is registered on the Pan African Trial Registry (PACTR202011506380839).6.Results: 95% of TF-CBT participants completed treatment while only 47% of TAU participants accessed treatment. Intention-to-treat analyses found that the TF-CBT group had a significantly greater reduction in CPSS-5 PTSD symptom severity at post-treatment (Cohen\'s d = 0. 60, p < .01) and three-month follow-up (Cohen\'s d = 0.62, p < . 01), and a greater reduction in the proportion of participants meeting the CPSS-5 clinical cut-off for PTSD at both time points (p = .02 and p = .03, respectively). There was also a significantly greater reduction in depression symptom severity in the TF-CBT group at post-treatment (Cohen\'s d = 0.51, p = .03) and three-month follow-up (Cohen\'s d = 0.41, p = .05), and a greater reduction in the proportion of TF-CBT participants meeting the BDI clinical cut-off for depression at both time points (p = .02 and p = .03, respectively).Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of an abbreviated eight-session version of TF-CBT for reducing PTSD and depression symptoms in a LMIC sample of adolescents with multiple trauma exposure.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the leading evidence-based treatments for child and adolescent posttraumatic stress, but an abbreviated version has not been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).At post-treatment and three-month follow-up, eight sessions of TF-CBT were more effective than treatment-as-usual in reducing posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in an LMIC sample of South African adolescents exposed to multiple traumas.Effect sizes were similar to those reported for standard length TF-CBT, indicating that abbreviated TF-CBT may be a suitable option for resource-constrained child and adolescent mental health services in LMICs.

To assess children\'s functional outcomes one year after critical illness and identify which factors influenced these functional outcomes.
Ambispective cohort study.
Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary academic center.
Children (1 month-17-year-old) and their caregivers.
None.
Demographic, clinical, and functional status.
Of 242 patients screened, 128 completed the year follow-up. These children had significant changes in functional status over time (p<0.001). The functional decline occurred in 62% of children at discharge and, after one year, was persistent in 33%. Age>12 months was a protective factor against poor functional outcomes in two regression models (p<0.05). A moderately abnormal functional status and a severely/very severely abnormal functional status at discharge increased the risks of poor functional outcomes by 4.14 (95% CI 1.02-16.72; p=0.04), and 4.76 (CI 95% 1.19-19.0; p=0.02). A functional decline at discharge increased by 6.86 (95%CI: 2.16-21.79; p=0.001) the risks of children\'s long-term poor functional outcomes, regardless of the FSS scores.
This is the first study evaluating long-term functional outcomes after pediatric critical illnesses in Latin America. Our findings show baseline data and raise relevant questions for future multicentre studies in this field in Latin America, contributing to a better understanding of the effects of critical illnesses on long-term functional outcomes in children.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to determine how psychosocial adversity factors relate to this psychopathology, in a low-middle income country (Colombia).
METHODS: We evaluated subjects with ADHD diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria, one of their parents and one of their siblings (ages 8-19). We used the ADHD rating scale and a set of instruments to assess the presence of mental disorders as well as psychosocial adversity.
RESULTS: We evaluated 74 trios formed by the index case with ADHD, one sibling and one of the parents. We found that 24.3% of the participating siblings also met the criteria for ADHD and another 24.3% for other psychiatric disorders. The risk of these siblings having ADHD increased further when one of the parents reported a history of ADHD. We also found that 28.3% of the families faced high levels of psychosocial adversity as per their scores in the Rutter Adversity Index.
CONCLUSIONS: Siblings of subjects with ADHD showed a significant risk for ADHD and other mental disorders. That risk increased if a parent reported a history of ADHD and also when two or more psychosocial adversity factors were present. This study supports the importance of early detection in efforts to decrease the risk for other siblings.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea affects 60% of adolescent girls between 14 and 19 years of age and higher rates of depression and absenteeism are found in these young women. Having developed a sense of coherence (SOC) protects against depression associated with and improves the experience of primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of the study was to describe the association between primary dysmenorrhea and SOC. MéTHODS: A multicentric and cross-sectional study was performed on 247 high school girls from Finistère (France).
RESULTS: Sixty point seven per cent of high school girls suffer from primary dysmenorrhea: average VAS greater than or equal to 4 out of 10 with an improvement in pain by analgesics if severe pain (greater than 7 out of 10) to eliminate secondary dysmenorrhea (3.6% suspected). Thirty five point six per cent do not present dysmenorrhea (VAS between 0 and 3). This study shows that having a high SOC reduces menstrual pain (P=0.014). The main treatments used are not those recommended by Clinical practice guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions based on Comprehensive Sexuality Education, medical consultations respecting salutogenic model would provide a better quality of life for adolescent girls by promoting the development of psycho-social skills.

BACKGROUND: The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances also an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents.
METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4769 schoolchildren from 13-18 years-old from Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
RESULTS: The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common.
CONCLUSIONS: A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware.

BACKGROUND: The brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus, BAEP-speech, has been applied to observe how speech sounds are manifested in the brainstem. This tool can be used in children to assess central auditory processing, allowing preventive and early interventions.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the results found in the brainstem auditory evoked potential with speech stimulus in the pediatric population with and without oral language disorders, through a systematic literature review.
METHODS: The search was carried out in the scientific databases Portal BVS, Pubmed, Lilacs, Medline, Scielo and Web of Science, OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline, OpenDoar, OAIster and The New York Academy of Medicine. A systematic literature review was performed using the descriptors: auditory evoked potentials, children and their synonyms, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The search filter \"age: child\" was used. The studies were independently read by peers and, in case of disagreement regarding the inclusion of studies, a third researcher was consulted. Original case-control articles that performed BAEP-speech without competitive noise, carried out in the pediatric population without and with oral language disorders, were included.
RESULTS: 14 articles published between 2008 and 2019 were included in this review. Methodological variability was observed in the exam, with the syllable / da / being the most frequently used as the stimulus. When performing the average of the groups, it was observed that the population with specific language disorders showed greater latency delays in the sustained portion, lower amplitude values and VA complex slope. The group with phonological disorders had higher values in the transient portion of the responses.
CONCLUSIONS: Children with language disorders of different etiologies have different patterns of BAEP-speech responses when compared to children with typical development.