UNASSIGNED: The dual-silane (trialkoxysilane/aminosilane) universal adhesive (UA) is claimed for its enhanced priming capacity of glass-ceramics.
UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the effect of organofunctional trialkoxysilane- and organofunctional trialkoxysilane/aminosilane-containing UAs on the long-term resin-ceramic microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and wettability of ceramic.
UNASSIGNED: Hydrofluoric acid-etched lithium disilicate discs were distributed into four groups as follows: (control), no priming was performed; (MBN), primed using a silane-based primer (Monobond N); (SBU), primed using a trialkoxysilane-containing UA (Single Bond Universal Adhesive) and (SBP), primed using a trialkoxysilane/aminosilane-containing UA (Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive). Ceramic discs were cemented into blocks then sectioned into microbeams stored in distilled water at 37° for 1 year. The μTBS was evaluated followed by assessment of the failure modes. The contact angle of the two UAs was measured with a goniometer using the sessile drop technique.
UNASSIGNED: MBN significantly improved the resin-ceramic μTBS (31.71 ± 6.33 MPa) compared to the control group. The resin-ceramic μTBS obtained after priming using SBP (22.83 ± 3.42 MPa) was comparable to those of MBN. SBU showed significantly inferior resin-ceramic μTBS (16.02 ± 6.28 MPa) compared with MBN. Mixed failures mode patterns were the most frequent in the groups. The ceramic wettability of both UAs did not significantly differ.
UNASSIGNED: Ceramic priming using a UA with dual-silane monomers (organofunctional trialkoxysilane/aminosilane) resulted in long-term adhesion comparable to a silane-containing primer. Incorporating aminosilane monomer in UA formulation did not affect the wetting of characteristics of the UA solution and enhanced its glass-ceramic priming capacity.
UNASSIGNED: The use of UA with optimized silane content as a primer for glass-ceramics simplifies clinical adhesive procedures including resin cementation and repair of ceramic restorations.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fence tray matching care (FTMC) in bracket bonding by measuring excess adhesive, as well as linear and angular deviations, and by comparing it with the half-wrapped tray (HWT).
METHODS: An intraoral scanner was used to acquire data on the maxillary dental arch of a patient with periodontitis.Furthermore, 20 maxillary dental arch models were 3D printed. Using 3Shape, PlastyCAD software, and 3D printing technology, 10 FTMC (method I) and HWT (method II) were obtained. By preoperative preparation, intraoperative coordination, and postoperative measurement, the brackets were transferred from the trays to the 3D-printed maxillary dental arch models. Additionally, the bracket\'s excess adhesive as well as linear and angular deviations were measured, and the differences between the two methods were analyzed.
RESULTS: Excess adhesive was observed in both methods, with FTMC showing less adhesive (P< 0.001), with a statistical difference. Furthermore, HWT\'s vertical, tip and torque, which was significantly greater than FTMC (P< 0.05), with no statistical difference among other respects. The study data of incisors, canines, and premolars, showed that the premolars had more adhesive residue and were more likely to have linear and angular deviations.
CONCLUSIONS: The FTMC had higher bracket bonding effect in comparison to HWT, and the adhesive residue, linear and angular deviations are smaller. The fence tray offers an intuitive view of the precise bonding of the bracket, and can remove excess adhesive to prevent white spot lesions via care, providing a different bonding method for clinical applications.

Foam tape is commonly used in the emergency department as a dressing over chest tubes owing to its occlusive and compressible properties. There is a paucity of data regarding the incidence of significant cutaneous reactions to this material. We conducted a prospective trial to evaluate the incidence of dermatitis following application of foam tape to the upper arm of a cohort of healthy volunteers.
This was a prospective, interventional trial. We enrolled a cohort of consenting, healthy physicians, nurses, and ancillary staff at a teaching facility who did not have known hypersensitivity to foam tape. Study investigators applied a 2 × 2 inch piece of 3 M microfoam adhesive to the medial aspect of each subject\'s upper arm. The contralateral arm served as a reference for comparison. The adhesive remained in place for 48 h and the study authors assessed patients utilizing the previously validated Cutaneous Irritancy Scoring System (CISS). Categorical variables analyzed by chi-square, continuous variables with t-tests.
There were 40 subjects in the study group; 52% female, mean age 40±7 years, 55% non-White race. 10/40 (25%; 95%CI[14%, 41%]) of subjects had erythema; 9/40 (22%) had an erythema score of 1 and 1/40 (2.5%) had a score of 2. With respect to edema, 2/40 (5%; 95% CI[1%,18%]); 1/40(2.5%) had an edema score of 1, and 1/40(2.5%) had a score of 2. There were 9/40 subjects with an irritancy score > 0; (22%; 95%CI[12%,38%]); 7/40(18%) had an irritancy score of 1, and 2/4(5.0%) had a score of 2. In terms of the severity score, 10/40 (25%; 95%CI[14%, 41%]) had a score > 0; 9/40(22%) had a score of 1, and 1/40(2.5%) had a score of 2. Overall, 10/40 (25%; 95%CI[14%, 41%]) of subjects had at least one positive measure of a reaction of any kind. Subjects\' age, gender and race were not found to be statistically significantly associated with the incidence of erythema, edema, or irritancy. In addition, these characteristics were not statistically significantly associated with severity score > 0. The p values for all the above bivariate analyses were > 0.05.
Cutaneous reactions occurred in 25% of healthy volunteers after the application of foam tape to the arm. Patient characteristics were not associated with risk of a skin reaction.
#NCT06059417.

Background Microleakage under orthodontic brackets has a role in early bracket debonding and white spot lesions due to the ingress of oral fluids in the bracket-adhesive-tooth interface. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the microleakage under orthodontic brackets bonded with the conventional adhesive system, nanocomposites, and nanoionomers. Materials and methods Forty-five human premolars were extracted for therapeutic reasons and collected for this study. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A: conventional etching with conventional adhesive, Group B: conventional etching with nanocomposite, and Group C: conventional etching with nanoionomer. Stainless steel premolar brackets were used for bonding. After thermocycling, the extracted teeth were submerged in a 0.5% solution of basic fuchsine for 24 hours. They were then cut longitudinally. A stereomicroscope was used to assess microleakage along the occlusal and gingival interfaces. Results To compare the microleakage scores between gingival and occlusal aspects within each group, the student\'s t-test was performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post-hoc Tukey test were applied to the data for intergroup comparison of microleakage scores. On comparing the microleakage scores, the gingival side of interfaces depicted higher microleakage than the occlusal side gingival side across all groups, demonstrating statistically significant results (P <0.05).On intergroup comparison, the occlusal bracket adhesive interface and gingival tooth adhesive interface revealed significantly higher microleakage values for Group B followed by Group C with Group A the least. However, there was no significant difference in the microleakage scores between Group B and Group C on intergroup comparison of mean microleakage scores (P <0.05). Conclusion The gingival side showed higher microleakage scores than the occlusal side. Nanoionomers showed microleakage values higher than the Transbond XT but lower than nanocomposites. Based on the results of the present study, in terms of microleakage, Transbond XT demonstrated lower microleakage when compared to nanoionomers and nanocomposites.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the micromorphology of the hybrid layer and the dentinal surface when the dentin was prepared with an Er:YAG laser or burs, and to find if there was any difference if the time of application of the self-etching primer on the dentin prepared with an Er:YAG laser was doubled.

The hierarchical design of the toe pad surface in geckos and its reversible adhesiveness have inspired material scientists for many years. Micro- and nano-patterned surfaces with impressive adhesive performance have been developed to mimic gecko\'s properties. While the adhesive performance achieved in some examples has surpassed living counterparts, the durability of the fabricated surfaces is limited and the capability to self-renew and restore function-inherent to biological systems-is unimaginable. Here the morphogenesis of gecko setae using skin samples from the Bibron´s gecko (Chondrodactylus bibronii) is studied. Gecko setae develop as specialized apical differentiation structures at a distinct cell-cell layer interface within the skin epidermis. A primary role for F-actin and microtubules as templating structural elements is necessary for the development of setae\'s hierarchical morphology, and a stabilization role of keratins and corneus beta proteins is identified. Setae grow from single cells in a bottom layer protruding into four neighboring cells in the upper layer. The resulting multicellular junction can play a role during shedding by facilitating fracture of the cell-cell interface and release of the high aspect ratio setae. The results contribute to the understanding of setae regeneration and may inspire future concepts to bioengineer self-renewable patterned adhesive surfaces.

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is an important and widely-used technique in the clinic that helps with the diagnosis of possible diseases that cannot be detected in a short time monitoring. However, the clinically used electrode needs conductive gel to reduce the impedance between the skin and the electrodes, which easily causes the possibility of allergy. Moreover, as the conductive gel becomes dry, the signal\'s quality will decrease accordingly. In this paper, we proposed a novel adhesive Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) to achieve convenient and long-term ECG monitoring. By comparing the time-domain waveforms, the R-R peak intervals difference, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of ECG with the traditional conductive gel-based electrode (Gel) in fixed and unfixed conditions, the performance of the proposed CPE was investigated. The results showed that the CPE could achieve similar ECG monitoring both in fixed and unfixed conditions. When on Day 2, the quality acquired by Gel began to decrease while CPE was still stable, which was obvious especially in unfixed condition. The R-R peak intervals showed that on Day 2, the Gel was unreliable with some abnormal points occurring. Besides, the results of SNR and average heart rate (AHR) also confirmed that the CPE could achieve similar results as Gel on Day 1 and outperformed Gel on Day 2. It is believed that the proposed CPE opens a window of high-quality long-term ECG monitoring with more convenience.

Some painted pottery figurines were excavated from the tomb of Qibi Ming of the Tang Dynasty. A series of analytical techniques were employed to understand the craftsmanship of these painted pottery figurines. The pigment, cross-section, adhesive, and firing temperature were analyzed using microscopy (OM), energy X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and a dilatometer (DIL). The results demonstrated that the surface of the pigment layers had degraded to different degrees. The pigment particles were litharge, gypsum, malachite, cinnabar, hematite, minium, white lead, and carbon black. The cross-sectional images show that the painted layer of figurines 10-0966 and 10-0678 included a pigment layer and a preparation layer. The preparation layer of both pigments was lead white. Animal glue was used as an adhesive. The firing temperature of the pottery figurines was likely 1080 °C. This study can provide more accurate information with regard to the composition of the raw materials utilized in the making of these artifacts and support the selection of appropriate substances for the purposes of conservation and restoration of the painted pottery figurines.

OBJECTIVE: While adhesive incision drapes are widely used for reducing surgical site infection (SSI), evidence remains scarce on whether impregnated adhesive incision draping can further reduce the rate of SSI in spine surgery.
METHODS: All patients treated surgically in the authors\' high-volume university spine center from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated and divided into cohorts treated before (the control cohort) and after (the study cohort) introduction of an iodophor-impregnated adhesive incision drape (instead of a standard nonimpregnated adhesive incision drape) at their institute. Epidemiological aspects, baseline characteristics, operative records, and rate and characteristics of postoperative SSI were analyzed and compared between cohorts.
RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred seventy-nine consecutively treated patients were included, with an overall SSI rate of 0.5%. Baseline patient findings and surgical characteristics (including indication, localization, procedure, and duration of surgery) did not significantly differ between the 1125 patients in the control cohort and the 1154 patients in the study cohort. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that use of an iodophor-impregnated adhesive incision drape was the only factor significantly associated with a lower risk of SSI. The SSI rate was significantly lower in the study cohort (0.2% vs 0.8%, p = 0.036). While germs of the skin microbiome such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus were predominantly prevalent in both cohorts, fecal germs such as Enterococcus/Enterobacter species were found only in the control cohort and not in the study cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of iodophor-impregnated adhesive incision drapes in spine surgery can help to lower the rate of postoperative SSI and aid in reducing the risk of fecal germ infections.

BACKGROUND: Dentin biomodification is a biomimetic approach that strengthens the collagen network, making it less susceptible to enzymatic degradation and improving the durability of bonded restorative materials, using collagen crosslinkers.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera as a natural crosslinker in improving the clinical success of resin-dentin restorations.
METHODS: A double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, with 50 adult participants with initial carious lesions (ICDAS 4 and 5) enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (which received Moringa oleifera as a pretreatment liner) or the control group (standard restorative procedures without a liner). Functional and biological outcomes were assessed at baseline, six months, and 12 months using the FDI criteria. Statistical analysis included Fisher\'s exact test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS: Both groups exhibited excellent functional properties and marginal adaptation at baseline and six months. At the 12-month mark, the test group displayed clinically better functional properties (97.9%, n=47) compared to the control group (95.8%, n=46), but there was no significant difference (p-value>0.05). Marginal gaps were observed in both groups at six and 12 months (8.3%, n=4), with no significant inter-group variation (p-value>0.05). Radiographic examination showed a harmonious restoration-to-tooth transition. Patient satisfaction remained high, with the test group 4.2% (n=2) and control 2.1% (n=1) reporting minor issues at 12 months, though not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). Postoperative sensitivity was minimal, and tooth integrity was well-preserved.
CONCLUSIONS: Moringa oleifera, as a pretreatment liner, showed promise in enhancing the clinical success of resin-dentin restorations. Despite minor reported issues, the groups had no statistically significant differences regarding functional and biological outcomes.