健康素养和疾病认知在应对心脏代谢疾病流行中起着至关重要的作用。我们的目标是比较态度,知识,自我感知的风险和采取的行动,在有和没有代谢危险因素(MFs)的个体之间。
■从2022年6月5日至10月5日,邀请公众参与者填写一份自我管理的问卷。MF状态被定义为高血压的存在,高脂血症,糖尿病和/或当前/先前吸烟。参与者根据四个类别进行评估(基于知识的,基于态度,感知风险,和基于行动的)与四种心脏代谢疾病有关的问题-糖尿病,高血压,高脂血症,和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。
■共有345名参与者注册,其中34.5%的人至少有一个MF。与没有MF的相比,MFs参与者的知识得分较低,但所有心脏代谢疾病的感知风险评分更高。最大的知识差距与高血压相关的问题有关。调整后,线性回归表明,MFs的存在(β:2.752,95CI:0.772-4.733,p=0.007)和较高的知识得分(β:0.418,95CI:0.236-0.600,p<0.001)与较高的感知风险相关。尽管那些有MF的人的感知风险增加,这转化为很少的自我报告的预防措施,与没有MF的相比,即红肉/加工食品消费量的减少(p=0.045)和水果/蔬菜消费量的增加(p=0.009)。
■这项研究确定了一个患有MF的脆弱亚群,具有较高的感知风险,以及知识水平和采取的预防措施不一致。应在全国范围内努力解决知识到行动的差距。
UNASSIGNED: Health literacy and illness perception play crucial roles in tackling the cardiometabolic disease epidemic. We aim to compare the attitudes, knowledge, self-perceived risks and
actions taken, between individuals with and without metabolic risk factors (MFs).
UNASSIGNED: From 5 June to 5 October 2022, participants of the general public were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. MF status was defined as the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and/or current/previous smoking. Participants were assessed based on four categories (knowledge-based, attitude-based, perceived risk, and action-based) of questions pertaining to four cardiometabolic diseases - diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 345 participants were enrolled, of whom 34.5% had at least one MF. Compared to those without MFs, participants with MFs had lower knowledge scores, but higher perceived risk scores across all cardiometabolic diseases. The largest knowledge gap pertained to hypertension-related questions. After adjustment, linear regression demonstrated that the presence of MFs (β:2.752, 95%CI: 0.772-4.733, p = 0.007) and higher knowledge scores (β:0.418, 95%CI: 0.236-0.600, p < 0.001) were associated with higher perceived risk. Despite increased perceived risk in those with MFs, this translated to only few increased self-reported preventive
actions, when compared to those without MFs, namely the reduction in red meat/processed food consumption (p = 0.045) and increase in fruits/vegetables consumption (p = 0.009).
UNASSIGNED: This
study identified a vulnerable subpopulation living with MFs, with high perceived risks, and discordant levels of knowledge and preventive
actions taken. Nationwide efforts should be channeled into addressing the knowledge-to-action gap.