茶黄素,红茶中的一种主要成分,据报道显示出多种生物活性和健康效应。然而,不稳定的化学性质,茶黄素的低生物利用度和不清楚的代谢途径在其特定功效和应用方面仍有许多不足之处。本文提供了全面的消化知识,吸收,新陈代谢,茶黄素的分布和排泄。我们发现pH依赖性稳定性,外排转运蛋白与茶黄素的低吸收率和低生物利用度密切相关。当通过胃肠道时,TFDG,TF2A和TF2B逐渐降解为TF1,并释放没食子酸。然后,茶黄素骨架在酶和微生物的作用下降解成小分子酚类物质。此外,茶黄素广泛分布于人体包括大脑,肺,心,肾,肝脏,血液组织含量低,可以通过粪便排出。然而,消化酶屏障和肠道微生物屏障对茶黄素的影响尚不清楚。重要的是,大多数发现是通过体外方法和动物实验报告的,茶黄素在人体内的代谢产物和代谢途径尚不完全清楚,需要进一步研究。希望为探索提高茶黄素生物利用度的方法、扩大茶黄素在保健食品和药物中的应用奠定理论基础。
Theaflavins, a major kind of component in black tea, have been reported to show a variety of biological activities and health effects. However, the unstable chemical properties, low bioavailability and unclear metabolism pathways of theaflavins have left much to be desired in terms of its specific efficacy and applications. This paper provides a comprehensive knowledge on the digestion,
absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of theaflavins. We find that pH-dependent stability, efflux transport proteins are closely related to the low
absorption rate and low bioavailability of theaflavins. When pass through the gastrointestinal tract, TFDG, TF2A and TF2B are gradually degraded to TF1, and release gallic acid. Then, the theaflavins skeleton are degraded into small molecular phenolic substances under the action of enzymes and microorganisms. In addition, theaflavins are widely distributed in the human body including brain, lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood tissue in a low content and can be excreted through feces. However, the influence of digestive enzymes barrier and gut microbial barrier on theaflavins are still unclear. Importantly, most findings are reported by in vitro methods and animal experiments, the metabolites and metabolic pathways of theaflavins in human body are not fully understood and need to be further investigated. We hope to lay a theoretical basis for exploring methods to improve the bioavailability of theaflavins and expanding the application of theaflavins in health foods as well as pharmaceuticals.