最近,越来越多的报告表明,基于致幻疗法对不同的神经精神疾病有积极作用。然而,属于新精神活性物质(NPS)组的致幻剂可能产生高毒性。NPS,由于它们的多受体亲和力,对人体和心理健康都是极其危险的。最近导致许多严重中毒和死亡的致幻剂的一个例子是25X-NBOMes-N-(2-甲氧基苄基)-2,5-二甲氧基-4-取代的苯乙胺,具有强致幻特性的合成化合物。25X-NBOMes表现出对5-羟色胺受体以及多巴胺的高结合亲和力,肾上腺素能和组胺受体。除了它们对感知的影响,许多病例报告指出这些化合物引起的全身和神经系统中毒。在人类中,最常见的副作用是心动过速,焦虑,高血压和癫痫发作。此外,临床前研究证实25X-NBOMes会导致发育障碍,细胞毒性,心血管毒性和动物行为的变化。NBOMes的代谢似乎非常复杂,涉及许多代谢途径。这一事实可以解释观察到的高毒性。此外,为了鉴定这些化合物及其代谢物,已经应用了许多分析方法。这篇综述总结了目前关于25X-NBOMes的知识,特别是在毒性方面。
Recently, a growing number of reports have indicated a positive effect of hallucinogenic-based therapies in different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, hallucinogens belonging to the group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) may produce high toxicity. NPS, due to their multi-receptors affinity, are extremely dangerous for the human body and mental health. An example of hallucinogens that have been lately responsible for many severe intoxications and deaths are 25X-NBOMes - N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-substituted phenethylamines, synthetic compounds with strong hallucinogenic properties. 25X-NBOMes exhibit a high binding affinity to serotonin receptors but also to dopamine, adrenergic and histamine receptors. Apart from their influence on perception, many case reports point out systemic and neurological poisoning with these compounds. In humans, the most frequent side effects are tachycardia, anxiety, hypertension and seizures. Moreover, preclinical studies confirm that 25X-NBOMes cause developmental impairments, cytotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity and changes in behavior of animals. Metabolism of NBOMes seems to be very complex and involves many metabolic pathways. This fact may explain the observed high toxicity. In addition, many analytical methods have been applied in order to identify these compounds and their metabolites. The presented
review summarized the current knowledge about 25X-NBOMes, especially in the context of toxicity.