PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This multicountry analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of key hygiene prevention behaviours and their determinants, associated with international non-governmental organisation (WaterAid) hygiene behaviour change programmes for COVID-19 prevention. The goal of this analysis is to inform future outbreak preparedness and pandemic response in low and middle-income countries.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Households in seven countries where WaterAid implemented a first-phase COVID-19 response programme in 2020 (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia).
METHODS: 3033 adults (1469 men and 1564 women, alternately sampled from one household to the next to maintain gender balance) in specific programme areas (211 villages) surveyed between October and November 2020.
METHODS: Self-reported primary outcomes were: a composite measure of HWWS for prevention of respiratory infection/COVID-19 (total of 5 key moments); respondent increased HWWS behaviour after the COVID-19 pandemic; respondent always wears a mask in public spaces; respondent always practices physical distancing in public spaces.
RESULTS: Most respondents (80%) reported increasing their handwashing behaviour after the pandemic, but practice of HWWS at COVID-19-specific prevention moments was low. Mask wearing (58%) and physical distancing (29%) varied substantially between countries. Determinants of key behaviours were identified, including age and socioeconomic status, perceived norms, self-regulation and the motive of protecting others. Incidence rate ratios or odds ratios and 95% CIs for a range of psychosocial determinants for each of the four primary outcomes are reported.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight that leveraging behaviour-specific emotional drivers and norms, reducing common barriers and promoting targeted messages about specific behaviours and actions individuals can take to reduce risk are necessary to support large-scale behaviour change. Learning from the COVID-19 response to more effectively integrate novel behaviours into existing health promotion will be vital for disease prevention and outbreak resilience.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Households in seven countries where WaterAid implemented a first-phase COVID-19 response programme in 2020 (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia).
METHODS: 3033 adults (1469 men and 1564 women, alternately sampled from one household to the next to maintain gender balance) in specific programme areas (211 villages) surveyed between October and November 2020.
METHODS: Self-reported primary outcomes were: a composite measure of HWWS for prevention of respiratory infection/COVID-19 (total of 5 key moments); respondent increased HWWS behaviour after the COVID-19 pandemic; respondent always wears a mask in public spaces; respondent always practices physical distancing in public spaces.
RESULTS: Most respondents (80%) reported increasing their handwashing behaviour after the pandemic, but practice of HWWS at COVID-19-specific prevention moments was low. Mask wearing (58%) and physical distancing (29%) varied substantially between countries. Determinants of key behaviours were identified, including age and socioeconomic status, perceived norms, self-regulation and the motive of protecting others. Incidence rate ratios or odds ratios and 95% CIs for a range of psychosocial determinants for each of the four primary outcomes are reported.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight that leveraging behaviour-specific emotional drivers and norms, reducing common barriers and promoting targeted messages about specific behaviours and actions individuals can take to reduce risk are necessary to support large-scale behaviour change. Learning from the COVID-19 response to more effectively integrate novel behaviours into existing health promotion will be vital for disease prevention and outbreak resilience.
摘要：
目的：这项多国分析旨在评估关键卫生预防行为及其决定因素的患病率，与国际非政府组织（WaterAid）预防COVID-19的卫生行为改变计划有关。这项分析的目的是为低收入和中等收入国家未来的疫情准备和大流行应对提供信息。
方法：横断面研究。
方法：水援助组织于2020年实施了第一阶段COVID-19应对计划的七个国家的家庭（埃塞俄比亚，加纳,尼泊尔,尼日利亚,卢旺达,坦桑尼亚和赞比亚)。
方法：3033名成年人（1469名男性和1564名女性，在2020年10月至11月期间调查的特定方案地区（211个村庄）中，从一个家庭到下一个家庭交替抽样，以保持性别平衡）。
方法：自我报告的主要结果是：HWWS预防呼吸道感染/COVID-19的综合措施（共5个关键时刻）；COVID-19大流行后，受访者增加了HWWS的行为；受访者总是在公共场所戴口罩；受访者总是在公共场所保持身体距离。
结果：大多数受访者（80％）报告说，大流行后洗手行为有所增加，但HWWS在COVID-19特定预防时刻的实践很少。各国之间的口罩佩戴（58％）和身体距离（29％）差异很大。确定了关键行为的决定因素，包括年龄和社会经济地位，感知规范，自我调节和保护他人的动机。报告了四个主要结局中每个结局的一系列社会心理决定因素的发生率或比值比和95％CI。
结论：这些发现强调了利用行为特定的情感驱动因素和规范，为了支持大规模的行为改变，有必要减少共同的障碍和促进关于个人可以采取的具体行为和行动的有针对性的信息。从COVID-19应对措施中学习，更有效地将新行为纳入现有的健康促进，对于疾病预防和应对疫情至关重要。
方法：横断面研究。
方法：水援助组织于2020年实施了第一阶段COVID-19应对计划的七个国家的家庭（埃塞俄比亚，加纳,尼泊尔,尼日利亚,卢旺达,坦桑尼亚和赞比亚)。
方法：3033名成年人（1469名男性和1564名女性，在2020年10月至11月期间调查的特定方案地区（211个村庄）中，从一个家庭到下一个家庭交替抽样，以保持性别平衡）。
方法：自我报告的主要结果是：HWWS预防呼吸道感染/COVID-19的综合措施（共5个关键时刻）；COVID-19大流行后，受访者增加了HWWS的行为；受访者总是在公共场所戴口罩；受访者总是在公共场所保持身体距离。
结果：大多数受访者（80％）报告说，大流行后洗手行为有所增加，但HWWS在COVID-19特定预防时刻的实践很少。各国之间的口罩佩戴（58％）和身体距离（29％）差异很大。确定了关键行为的决定因素，包括年龄和社会经济地位，感知规范，自我调节和保护他人的动机。报告了四个主要结局中每个结局的一系列社会心理决定因素的发生率或比值比和95％CI。
结论：这些发现强调了利用行为特定的情感驱动因素和规范，为了支持大规模的行为改变，有必要减少共同的障碍和促进关于个人可以采取的具体行为和行动的有针对性的信息。从COVID-19应对措施中学习，更有效地将新行为纳入现有的健康促进，对于疾病预防和应对疫情至关重要。
